Corresponding author: Stylianos Chatzimanolis (
Academic editor: Miguel Alonso-Zarazaga
The genus
In this paper, I review
Between 1870 and 1940, the genus
In this paper, I review the genus
Photographs were taken using a Visionary Digital Passport System with a Canon EOS 40D camera and MP-E 65 lens. Images were automontaged using Helicon Focus 6.2.2. SEM photographs were taken using a Neoscope JEOL desktop SEM and processed using the Fluid Mask 3 software. All specimens were examined using an Olympus SZX10 stereomicroscope. Measurements were made using an ocular micrometer. Width: length ratio measurements were made on the widest and longest parts of the structure. The comparison between the length of the median lobe and the paramere excludes the bulbous basal part of the median lobe. Total body length is measured from the anterior margin of frons to the posterior margin of tergite VIII. Terminology and label data follow the procedure established by
Depositories:
BMNH - The Natural History Museum, London, UK (R. Booth);
FMNH - Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA (A. Newton, M. Thayer);
SEMC - Snow Entomological Collection, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA (Z. Falin);
UTCI - University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Insect Collection, Chattanooga, TN, USA (S. Chatzimanolis).
Redescription: Habitus as in Fig.
Head transverse (Figs
Antenna (Fig.
Mouthparts. Labrum (Fig.
Pronotum subquadrate (Fig.
Elytra subequal to pronotum; with confluent or almost confluent punctures and large setae; with micropunctures but no other microsculpture; elytra appearing shining. Hind wings fully developed. Mesoventrite (Fig.
Legs. Tarsal segmentation 5-5-5; pro- and mesofemur in both sexes with ctenidium ventrally and proximally; meso- and metatibia with multiple rows of spurs; protibia without multiple rows of spurs but with single row of spurs apically. Protarsus (Fig.
Abdomen with paired protergal glands present; expanding from segment III to segment V (widest) and then becoming narrower towards segment VIII. Abdominal tergites III-V (Fig.
Male and Female Genitalia. Aedeagus typical of
Known from the state of Pará in Brazil, the department of Vaupés in Colombia, the province of Sucumbios in Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, the departments of Loreto and Madre de Dios in Peru and from Suriname (Fig.
Specimens of
Habitus as in Fig.
Head transverse, width: length ratio = 1.47; surface of epicranium flat; with medium-sized umbilicate punctures throughout surface except medially, distance between punctures varies but typically equals diameter of puncture. Eyes large, length of eyes / length of head = 0.58, distance between eyes as wide as 1.44 times length of eye.
Pronotum subquadrate, width: length ratio = 1.13; with scattered large umbilicate punctures, distance between punctures varies but typically equals 0.5-1 times diameter of puncture. Mesoscutellum with medium-sized punctures, punctures not confluent. Elytra with large, almost confluent punctures; each row with approximately 11 punctures (measured at middle of elytron). Abdominal tergites III-V with strongly delineated curved (arch-like) carina.
Secondary sexual structures. Males with posterior border of sternite VII with deep U-shaped emargination; sternite VIII with deep, broad U-shaped emargination medially; sternite IX with deep V-shaped emargination medially. Females with no obvious secondary sexual structures. Aedeagus as in Fig.
The specific epithet is derived from the modern Greek word διάσπαρτος (scattered) and refers to the distribution of the peg setae on the parameres. The epithet is a noun in apposition.
Known from Vaupés, Colombia.
Habitus as in Fig.
Head transverse, width: length ratio = 1.38; surface of epicranium flat to slightly convex; with medium-sized umbilicate punctures throughout the surface except medially, distance between punctures varies but typically equals 1-2 times of puncture. Eyes large, length of eyes / length of head = 0.68, distance between eyes as wide as 1.28 times length of eye.
Pronotum subquadrate, width: length ratio = 1.10; with scattered large umbilicate punctures, distance between punctures varies but typically equals diameter of puncture. Mesoscutellum with confluent medium-sized punctures. Elytra with large, confluent punctures; each row with approximately 15 punctures (measured at middle of elytron). Abdominal tergites III-V with weakly delineated curved (arch-like) carina.
Secondary sexual structures (Fig.
See the Diagnosis of
Known from the state of Pará in Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, the department of Loreto in Peru and from Suriname
These two specimens look rather similar to
In the recently completed molecular phylogeny of
I thank the curators and the collections managers of the collections listed in the material and methods section for the loan of specimens. I thank all reviewers and the subject editor for comments that improved this paper. The Natural History Museum of London allowed me to photograph the holotype of
Habitus of
The holotype of
The holotype of
Head and thorax of
Mouthparts of
Dorsal view of left mandible. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.
Ventral view of right mandible. Scale bar = 0.25 mm.
Ventral view of labial palpomeres and hypopharynx. Scale bar = 0.28 mm.
Left maxilla. Scale bar = 0.20 mm.
Head, with inset magnification showing the wavy microsculputre at 240x. Scale bar = 0.7 mm.
Antenna. Scale bar = 0.7 mm.
Prosternum and pronotal hypomeron. Scale bar = 0.7 mm.
Pterothorax, ventral. Scale bar = 0.9 mm.
Tergites II-IV. Scale bar = 1.1 mm.
Sternites III-IV. Scale bar = 1.1 mm.
Sternites VII-IX in males. Arrow points the location of the porose structure on VII. Scale bar = 0.7 mm.
Part of protibia and protarsus. Scale bar = 0.45 mm.
Mesotibia and mesotarsus in males, showing the spatulate setae on tarsomere 1. Scale bar = 0.68 mm.
Aedeagus of
Lateral view.
Dorsal view
Detail view of the ventral side of parameres.
Aedeagus of
Lateral view.
Dorsal view.
Detailed view of the ventral side of parameres.
Distribution map of