Biodiversity Data JournalBiodiversity Data JournalBiodiversity Data JournalBDJ1314-28361314-2828Pensoft PublishersBiodiversity Data Journal10.3897/BDJ.3.e46923810Taxonomic paperMymaridaeFaunistics & DistributionIndiaCentral AsiaIndian Sub-Continent and HimalayasFirst report of Dicopuslongipes (Subba Rao) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from India with new distribution data on some speciesRameshkumarA.drrameshtrichy@gmail.com‡PooraniJ.pooranij@gmail.com‡AnjanaM.§ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore 560024, IndiaWestern Ghats Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Calicut 673006, India
Corresponding authors: A. Rameshkumar (drrameshtrichy@gmail.com), J. Poorani (pooranij@gmail.com).
Academic editor: Jose Fernandez-Triana
2015100320153e46920702201506032015A. Rameshkumar, J. Poorani, M. AnjanaThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Dicopuslongipes (Subba Rao) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) is recorded from India for the first time. New additional distribution records of Mymaridae from the southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala are documented.
MymaridaedistributionIndia.Network Project on Insect Biosystematics, Indian Council of Agricultural ResearchIntroduction
Fairyflies (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Mymaridae) are internal egg parasitoids of insects except two species that parasitize the larvae of eulophids (Huber et al. 2006). From India, 31 genera and 134 species of Mymaridae have been reported so far (Manickavasagam and Rameshkumar 2013, Ramesh Kumar et al. 2013). The mymarid fauna of India is not well documented as several states and biodiversity rich areas of India have not been surveyed so far for mymarids. Because mymarids are small to tiny, only Malaise traps and yellow pan traps yield good field collections. In this paper, we document new records of mymarids for the southern Indian states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. One species, Dicopuslongipes (Subba Rao), is reported as new to India.
Materials and methods
Parasitoids were collected from Kasaragod, Kozhikode, Palakkad, and Idukki districts of Kerala and Coimbatore and Salem districts of Tamil Nadu using sweep netting, yellow pan traps and Malaise traps in different ecosystems (Noyes 1982). Collected specimens were processed using hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) (Brown 1993) and card/slide mounted for identification. Voucher specimens are deposited in the reference collections of the National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (ICAR-NBAIR), Bangalore, India and the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Western Ghat Regional Centre, Calicut, India.
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nikhil; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Kerala; municipality: Palakkad; locality: near Silent Valley; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 2013-01-16; habitat: Weedy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Acmopolynemaproblema (Fig. 3) has been recorded from only Karnataka (Triapitsyn and Berezovskiy 2007) and is recorded here from Kerala.
Alaptussp.Materials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A Rameshkumar; individualCount: 5; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Kerala; municipality: Palakkad; locality: Pattambi; verbatimLocality: RARS campus; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow pan trap; eventTime: 2014-01-25; habitat: Paddy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Alaptus (Fig. 4) includes some of the smallest mymarids. From India, it was recorded from Delhi, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu (Subba Rao and Hayat 1983), Karnataka (Manickavasagam et al. 2011), and Pudhucherry (Rameshkumar et al. 2011). We record it here from Kerala.
CamptopteramatchetaSubba RaoMaterials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A Rameshkumar; individualCount: 3; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Tamil Nadu; municipality: Salem; locality: Yercaud; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow pan trap; eventDate: 2014-08-06; habitat: Weedy filed; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Camptopteramatcheta (Fig. 5) was known only from Karnataka (Subba Rao 1989) and is new to Tamil Nadu.
Dicopuslongipes(Subba Rao)Materials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A Rameshkumar; individualCount: 1; sex: Female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Kerala; municipality: Palakkad; locality: RARS campus; Identification: identificationID: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow pan trap; eventDate: 2014-01-25; habitat: Paddy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources, Bangalore; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Diagnosis
Dicopuslongipes (Fig. 6) differs from D.noyesi Manickavasagam by the following features: antennal scape uniformly slender (distinctly bulging subapically in D.noyesi), F1 almost as long as F2 (distinctly shorter in D.noyesi), F6 and F7 slightly bottle shaped, the apex of each segment shorter and wider (F5 to F7 bottle-neck shaped, the apex of each segment distinctly long and narrow in D. noyesi).
Distribution
Malaysia (Subba Rao 1984); India (Kerala). Pricop and Andriescu (2011) have mentioned that D.longipes is known from India, but it appears to be incorrect. After Subba Rao (1984) described it from Malaysia-Sabah under Kubja, the only subsequent reference to this species was by Huber (2009) when he synonymised Kubja with Dicopus.
DicopusnoyesiManickavasagamMaterials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A Rameshkumar; individualCount: 2; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Kerala; municipality: Calicut; locality: red hills; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow pan trap; eventDate: 2014-04-25; habitat: Weedy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Dicopusnoyesi (Fig. 7) was recorded from Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu (Manickavasagam and Rameshkumar 2011) and we record it here from Kerala.
Eofoersteriasp.Materials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A Rameshkumar; individualCount: 11; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Kerala; municipality: Palakkad; locality: Pattambi; verbatimLocality: RARS campus; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow pan trap; eventDate: 2014-01-25; habitat: Paddy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A Rameshkumar; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Kerala; municipality: Calicut; locality: Mavoor; verbatimLocality: Medical college campus; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow pan trap; eventDate: 2012-11-22; habitat: grassy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Eofoersteria (Fig. 8) was recorded from Tamil Nadu (Subba Rao and Hayat 1983) and Karnataka (Manickavasagam et al. 2011). We record it here from Kerala.
Eubroncussp.Materials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A Rameshkumar; individualCount: 1, 1; sex: male, female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Tamil Nadu; municipality: Valparai; locality: Urulikkal; verbatimLocality: Periyar nagar; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow pan trap; eventTime: 2014-05-04; habitat: Weedy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Eubroncus (Fig. 9) is a rarely collected genus previously known from West Bengal (Hayat and Khan 2009) and Karnataka (Manickavasagam et al. 2011). We record it here from Tamil Nadu.
GonatocerusmonticolusZeyaMaterials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Raseena; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Kerala; municipality: Calicut; locality: Vengeri; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventTime: 2014-02-13; habitat: Weedy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Gonatocerusmonticolus (Fig. 10) is known only from its type locality in Uttar Pradesh (Zeya and Hayat 1995). We record it here from Kerala.
GonatocerustrialbifuniculatusSubba RaoMaterials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Raseena; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Kerala; municipality: Calicut; locality: Vengeri; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 2014-02-13; habitat: Weedy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Gonatocerustrialbifuniculatus (Fig. 11) is known only from Karnataka (Zeya and Hayat 1995). We record it here from Kerala.
KikikihunaHuberMaterials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A Rameshkumar; individualCount: 24; sex: females; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Tamil Nadu; municipality: Salem; locality: Yercaud; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow pan trap; eventDate: 2014-08-06; habitat: Weedy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Costa Rica, Hawaiian Islands, Trinidad and Tobago (Huber and Noyes 2013); Argentina (Triapitsyn 2013); India (Tamil Nadu).
Taxon discussion
Kikiki is unique among Mymaridae in having 4-segmented funicle, 2-segmented clava and 3-segemented tarsi. Only the type species, K.huna Huber (Fig. 12), is known so far. In India, Kikiki was first recorded by Manickavasagam and Palanivel (2013) from Tamil Nadu, but they did not confirm the species identity. The size of K.huna ranges from 150 to 170 µm and it holds the record for being the smallest winged insect known at present (Huber and Noyes 2013).
LitussutilTriapitsyn and BerezovskiyMaterials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A Rameshkumar; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Tamil Nadu; municipality: Salem; locality: Yercaud; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow pan trap; eventDate: 2014-08-06; habitat: Weedy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Litussutil (Fig. 13) was known from Meghalaya (Ramesh Kumar et al. 2013). We record it here from Tamil Nadu.
LitustriapitsyniRehmat and HayatMaterials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A Rameshkumar; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; municipality: Salem; locality: Yercaud; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow pan trap; eventTime: 2014-08-06; habitat: Weedy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Litustriapitsyni Rehmat and Hayat (Fig. 14) was recorded from Assam (Rehmat et al. 2009). We record it here from Tamil Nadu.
OoctonusnigrotestaceusSubba RaoMaterials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Abhilash; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Kerala; municipality: Idukki,; locality: Vellimala; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Sweep net; eventDate: 2013-04-07; habitat: Weedy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Bijoy; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Kerala; municipality: Idukki; locality: Mannavan shola; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; eventDate: 2013-04-07; habitat: Weedy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Ooctonusnigrotestaceus Subba Rao (Fig. 15) was originally described from Karnataka (Subba Rao 1989). We record it here from Kerala.
Schizophragmasp.Materials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A Rameshkumar; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Tamil Nadu; municipality: Salem; locality: Yercaud; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow pan trap; eventTime: 2014-08-06; habitat: Weedy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Schizophragma sp. (Fig. 16) was recorded from Meghalaya (Ramesh Kumar et al. 2013). We record it here from Tamil Nadu.
Stethyniumsp.Materials
Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: A Rameshkumar; individualCount: 3; sex: female; lifeStage: Adult; Location: continent: Asia; country: India; countryCode: IND; stateProvince: Kerala; municipality: Calicut; locality: East hills; Identification: identifiedBy: A Rameshkumar; Event: samplingProtocol: Yellow pan trap; eventDate: 2014-04-25; habitat: Weedy field; Record Level: institutionID: ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources; institutionCode: ICAR-NBAIR
Distribution
Stethynium sp. (Fig. 17) was recorded from Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh (Subba Rao and Hayat 1983). We record it here from Kerala.
Acknowledgements
The first author is thankful to the Indian Council of Agricultural Research for funding his work under the Network Project on Insect Biosystematics. Thanks are due to Dr. Abraham Verghese, Director, ICAR-NBAIR, for facilities provided and encouragement. The third author is thankful to the Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment for the financial assistance, Dr. K. Rajmohana (Research guide) and Dr. P. M Sureshan (Officer-in-charge, WGRC, Zoological Survey of India) for their support and facilities.
Author contributions
A. Rameshkumar - Collection, Identification, Manuscript preparation
J. Poorani - Collection, Identification, Imaging, Manuscript preparation
M. Anjana - Collection, Identification
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