Corresponding author: Thomas P. Simon (
Academic editor: Benjamin Price
The National Wildlife Refuge system is a vital resource for the protection and conservation of biodiversity and biological integrity in the United States. Surveys were conducted to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of fish, macroinvertebrate, and crayfish populations in two watersheds that encompass three refuges in southern Indiana. The Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge had the highest number of aquatic species with 355 macroinvertebrate taxa, six crayfish species, and 82 fish species, while the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge had 163 macroinvertebrate taxa, seven crayfish species, and 37 fish species. The Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge had the lowest diversity of macroinvertebrates with 96 taxa and six crayfish species, while possessing the second highest fish species richness with 51 species. Habitat quality was highest in the Muscatatuck River drainage with increased amounts of forested habitats compared to the Patoka River drainage. Biological integrity of the three refuges ranked the Patoka NWR as the lowest biological integrity (mean IBI reach scores = 35 IBI points), while Big Oaks had the highest biological integrity (mean IBI reach score = 41 IBI points). The Muscatatuck NWR had a mean IBI reach score of 31 during June, which seasonally increased to a mean of 40 IBI points during summer. Watershed IBI scores and habitat condition were highest in the Big Oaks NWR.
The National Wildlife Refuge system is an invaluable resource in the protection of biological diversity (
National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966 as amended by the National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act of 1997, 16 U.S.C. 668dd-668ee (Refuge Administration Act), Section 4(a)(4)(B) states that "In administering the System, the Secretary shall... ensure that the biological integrity, diversity, and environmental health of the System are maintained for the benefit of present and future generations of Americans" (
The goal of biological integrity, unlike fishable and swimmable goals, encompasses all factors affecting the ecosystem (
Biological diversity is evaluated at various taxonomic levels, and for purposes of Endangered Species Act implementation at distinct population segments (
Ecological health is defined by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Refuge System as the extent that environmental composition, structure, and function have been altered from historic conditions (
Limited biological integrity studies have been conducted on National Wildlife Refuges, with the exception of contaminant studies at the Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge (
The Patoka River watershed (Fig.
Sampling was conducted over two years in both the Patoka and Vernon Fork of the Muscatatuck river drainage. The Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) is the sole refuge in the Patoka watershed (Fig.
Sampling design incorporated a random probability selection for a portion of sites based on bridge access. Contamination at Big Oaks NWR required crews to access streams from bridge access points due to safety concerns from unexploded ordinance. As a result, all of the random sampling was conducted at bridge access points to maintain consistency. A panel survey design stratified sites with some selected from prior surveys (
Sampling gear was selected for each of the appropriate habitat types. Lake and wetland areas were sampled using a boat mounted Smith Root 2500 watt DC generator unit. Large to medium size streams (> 8 m wetted width) were assessed using a long-line or backpack electrofishing unit. Small streams (< 8 m wetted width) were assessed using a Smith-Root DC generator backpack unit. Sampling of streams was conducted along a linear reach based on 15 times the wetted stream width (
Electrofishing surveys included systematic sampling of all representative habitats within each reach, including shallows, instream cover, and the thalweg or deepest point in the cross sectional profile. A representative sample was collected from each reach. Captured fish were placed into a live well until a sampling event was completed. Each survey event included documentation of species identification, batch weight, number of fish captured, presence of external disease including deformities, eroded fins, lesions, and tumor anomalies (DELTs) for each individual and an estimate of qualitative habitat condition (
Fish identified in the field had vouchers of 2-3 individuals for later taxonomic verification, while difficult species and other small minnow, darter, and madtom species were preserved in 10% formalin for laboratory processing using standard taxonomic keys (
Samples were brought to the laboratory for sorting of stream bank composited samples. The sample contents were placed into a 250 mm x 250 mm (10 x 10 inch) gridded sorting pan (
After the completion of the 300 organism sort, a 15 minute large-rare examination was completed for samples that were not entirely picked. A large-rare sort included the remaining squares were scanned for taxa that had not been previously observed with emphasis on unique taxa not previously observed. Individuals from the large-rare pan sorted pick were identified and data content was incorporated into species richness metric calculations, but were not included in trophic or relative abundance metrics following standard procedures (
Catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) is based on the number of individuals collected per effort required to sample each site based on the stream size. Greater sized streams had more effort. Effort is based on the 15 times the wetted width in a linear distance sampled.
Burrowing crayfish were collected using excavation and plunging techniques (
Specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol, returned to the laboratory for processing, and identified using standard taxonomic references including
Cumulative frequency distributions of IBI scores and descriptive statistics for each refuge were completed using Statistica (
Patoka River NWR: 22, 27, 29, 41, 64-66, 82, 83
Muscatatuck NWR: 8-11, 13, 19, 20
Big Oaks NWR: 29
The toothed spring amphipod (
The toothed spring amphipod has a species conservation rank of S4/G5.
Patoka River NWR: 1, 3, 22, 25, 27, 29-31, 35, 36, 73, 79
Muscatatuck NWR: 7-13, 16, 19, 20
Big Oaks NWR: 13, 15, 20
The species ranges from southern Indiana, Kentucky, southwestern Ohio, and northern Tennessee (
The bluegrass spring isopod has a conservation species rank is S3/G4.
Patoka River NWR: 1-3, 6-7, 17, 19, 22, 25, 26, 29, 34, 38-40, 63
An additional sixteen records of Indiana crayfish were found from areas surrounding the refuge. These sites included solid rock substrate habitats as described by
This former Federal candidate species does not warrant protection based on current and previously known collection information (
Muscatatuck NWR: 5, 6, 10, 13-15, 20
Big Oaks NWR: 5, 7-13, 15, 16, 20, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 32
Extensive survey of southwestern Ohio and southeastern Indiana documented the distribution and status of Sloan’s crayfish. Closer inspection of St John's (1988) distribution maps show that areas included within the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge were represented by only Sloan’s crayfish and did not possess the invasive rusty crayfish. Our sampling results found similar results as
Sloan’s crayfish was collected at 76.5% of the sites in the Big Oaks refuge. Relative abundance averaged 13.6 individuals per site. Mean density of Sloan’s crayfish was 0.272 individuals per square meter. Sloan’s crayfish was collected at 36.8% of the sites on the Muscatatuck refuge. Relative abundance averaged 9.14 individuals per site. Mean density of Sloan’s crayfish was 0.182 individuals per square meter.
Sloan’s crayfish (
Sloan’s crayfish is stable and has a relatively high relative abundance in the Big Oaks and Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuges. No instances of rusty crayfish were observed in either of the refuges (Table
Big Oaks NWR: 1, 11, 20
The collection of popeye shiner represent the first record for this species in Indiana since the species was originally described from the White River near Indianapolis in the late 1800’s. During this study specimens were collected from Otter Creek, Big Graham Creek, and Big Creek (Table
The species was collected from moderate sized flowing rivers over cobble and gravel substrates.
The species has been considered extirpated within Indiana, but with these records should be considered for additional study to determine the species current status.
Patoka River NWR: 62, 68
Muscatatuck NWR: 2, 5, 12
Flier is a centarchid species largely associated with the southeastern and eastern United States. Its distribution is restricted to the Coastal Plain from the Chesapeake Bay to Eastern Texas and north through the Mississippi Embayment to southern Illinois and Indiana (
A total of 11 individuals were collected from the Muscatatuck NWR. Our flier individuals occurred in pool and low-flow, basic gradient streams with wood debris (
Patoka River NWR: 52
The Bantam sunfish is reported from the Patoka River watershed from Rough Creek. This watershed has experienced extensive acid mine drainage impacts.
Muscatatuck NWR: 15
The eastern sand darter (
The eastern sand darter was once recognized as state threatened species based on limited presence in the state (
Patoka River NWR: 78
Muscatatuck NWR: 6, 14
The harlequin darter was thought to be extripated from Indiana until its rediscovery within the White River Drainage in 1991 (
Two Harlequin darter individuals were collected over gravel/sand riffles with swift current.
There is a direct correlation between landscape scale ecological patterns and reach scale habitat measures (
The Muscatatuck River drainage comparatively has the highest habitat quality of the two drainages. The Muscatatuck NWR has the lower habitat quality associated with the refuge borders compared to the Big Oaks NWR (Fig.
The increase in the number of species records was directly a result of increased sampling effort. The rediscovery of lake chubsucker, paddlefish, rock bass (
Comparison of macroinvertebrate sampling between 2006 and 2007 showed an increase in the number of sensitive taxa were found at the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge (Table
Two orconectid species were collected from only a few sites on the refuge (Table
During the 2006 sampling, nine species were collected from Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge that had not been collected during 2007 (Table
Four medium-large wadable streams (>8 m wetted width) were sampled. Mutton Creek was sampled upstream of US 31 bridge where it is a channelized and slow flowing stream. Mutton Creek was dominated by centarchid and catostomid species. Longear sunfish (31.7%), spotted sucker (26.2%), and warmouth (
Seven small streams (<8 m wetted width) were sampled on refuge property (Suppl. material
During 2007, nearly 2,505 individuals representing 96 taxa and 45 families were collected from the refuge (Table
Six crayfish species were collected from the Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge (Table
Maintaining or restoring biological integrity is not the same as maximizing biological diversity (
In deciding which management activities needs to be conducted to accomplish refuge purpose(s) while maintaining biological integrity, we consider how the ecosystem functioned under historic conditions (
Landscape diversity is descriptive of the number and dominance of different patch types and is a fundamental component of refuge management (
The probability distributions of biological integrity, based on index of biotic integrity (IBI) score for the watershed showed that the two years had similar results (Fig.
The trend for biological integrity in the Patoka River National Wildlife Refuge is not significantly different from previous surveys conducted between 1993—2001 (
At the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge we sampled 14 sites. We did not sample lake or pond locations in 2007 that had been prior sampled during 2006. The probability distributions of biological integrity, based on index of biotic integrity (IBI) score for the watershed showed that the two years had similar results (Fig.
The trend for biological integrity in the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge is not significantly different during the surveys conducted between 1993 to 2007 (
The larger streams showed higher quality biological conditions. The four larger stream sites ranged from "very good" to "exceptional" (Suppl. material
The four lakes ranged from “fair” to “fair-good” (Suppl. material
The cumulative frequency distributions did not include the lake or pond sites that had been sampled during 2006. Based on probability distributions of biological integrity, index of biotic integrity (IBI) score for the watershed (Fig.
Although the trend has slightly improved between the two surveys periods in 2007, this is most likely a result of not including the lake sites in the IBI statistics and the greater number of higher order streams in the later summer sampling events. Larger streams such as Vernon Fork represented a higher percentage of the collections compared to 4.08% of the early summer collections. A different random draw was selected between the two periods so that only a few of the samples included the same sites. The survey results based on the 2007 survey is probably most representative of the variety of aquatic habitat conditions found at Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge.
Landscape level management for wholeness, resistence, and resilience requires the recognition of network patterns within the basin management planning (
Biological integrity associated with the Muscatuck River drainage was highest in the area where the Vernon Fork joined the mainstem Muscatatuck River (Fig.
The aquatic fauna of Indiana’s National Wildlife Refuges includes a significant portion of the rarest of Indiana’s fish fauna; however, due to contaminant impacts associated with legacy land use the refuges are not necessarily considered least-impacted habitats (
A hot-spot analysis of watershed biodiversity showed that the central portion of the Patoka River drainage had the highest macroinvertebrate species richness (Fig.
The management goal of sustaining ecological and evolutionary processes within a natural range of variability requires an understanding of the fundamental elements of the landscape (
Field assistance was provided by S. Sobat, A. Stephans, P. McMurray, and K. Crane, Indiana Department of Environmental Management; student interns J. Burskey, Indiana State University; R. Winemiller, Muscatatuck NWR, H. Hamilton, Patoka River NWR, and J. Ridge and C. Swetzer, Big Oaks NWR; and D. Karns, Hanover College. We appreciate the professional field courtesies supplied by M. Weber, T. Dailey and S. Knowles, Muscatatuck NWR. Special thanks to D. Clark and C.L. Bridges, Indiana Department of Environmental Management for field support. M.K. McShane created geographic information system pleth maps. Although this document may be wholly or partially funded by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or the Indiana Department of Environmental Management, no agency endorsement or support should be inferred. This study was funded through contaminant investigation #12613N3431440 to TPS. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Distribution of sites sampled during an investigation of the Patoka River drainage. Numbers refer to site location in Supplemental materials Appendix a (Suppl. material
Distribution of sites sampled during an investigation of the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge. Numbers refer to site locations in Supplemental materials Appendix b (Suppl. material
Distribution of sites sampled in the Muscatatuck NWR within Jennings and Jackson Counties in southcentral Indiana. Black dots denote sample locations and numbers correspond to site numbers in Supplemental materials Appendix c (Suppl. material
Watershed scale patterns in habitat condition for the Patoka River (A) and Muscatatuck River (B) drainages using spline smoothed joined mean scores based on the Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI). Position and outline of the three National Wildlife Refuges are shown in relationship to the watershed (Suppl. materials
Comparison of Relative IBI Cumulative Distribution Frequency for sites sampled within the Patoka River drainage including: A) Fish & Wildlife Service 2001 and B) Fish & Wildlife Service 2007 (n=46) and the Indiana Department of Environmental Management in 2006 (n=37) and a combination of all sites (n=83) (Suppl. material
Comparison of Relative IBI Frequency for sites sampled by Fish & Wildlife Service in 2006 (n=70), the Indiana Department of Environmental Management in 2007 (n=34), and a combination of all sites (n=104) within and around the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge (Suppl. material
Comparison of Relative IBI Cumulative Distribution Frequency for sites sampled by Fish & Wildlife Service (n=49), the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (n=30), and a combination of all sites (n=79) within and around the Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge during 2007 (Suppl. material
Watershed scale biological integrity spline smoothed pleths for the Patoka River (A) and Muscatatuck River (B) watershed based on reach level Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) scores (Suppl. materials
Watershed scale biodiversity pleths for the Patoka River drainage based on spline smoothed joined means of assemblage structure. A. macroinvertebrates based on taxa richness, B. crayfish based on Shannon-Weiner diversity index, and C. fish based on species richness (Suppl. material
Watershed scale biodiversity spline smoothed pleths for the Muscatatuck River drainage based on species richness joined means of assemblage structure. A. macroinvertebrates, B. crayfish, and C. fish (Suppl. materials
List of fish species collected from three National Wildlife Refuges in southern Indiana. Numbers indicate the sites at which each species has been collected based on information in Supplemental materials Suppl. material
Species | Patoka River | Muscatatuck | Big Oaks |
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6, 11 | ||
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6 | ||
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10 | 14 | |
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20, 34, 61, 74, 76, 78 | ||
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6, 20, 33, 34, 36, 55, 68, 69 | 2, 3, 5 | |
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61 | ||
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63 | ||
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1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 11-13, 16, 20, 33, 34, 61, 63, 74, 78 | ||
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61 | ||
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1-5, 8, 9, 13-22, 24-27, 29-30, 35, 38, 45, 47, 48, 50-51, 64-65, 72-73 | 6, 8, 14 | 1-5, 7-13, 15-16, 20-27, 29-32 |
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4 | ||
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2, 6, 7, 9-13, 16, 19, 20, 25-27, 32, 34, 42, 74, 78 | 6, 14-15 | 5, 12, 20 |
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9, 12, 16, 19, 20, 44, 63, | 6, 14-15 | |
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2, 6, 7, 12, 33, 34, 36, 43, 63, 67, 74, 76-78 | ||
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12-14, 16, 18-21, 25-27, 29, 30, 35, 44-45, 47-48, 50, 73 | 13, 15 | 1, 2, 5, 7-13, 26 |
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20, 63, 65, 66 | ||
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12 | 15 | 1-3, 5, 8-12 |
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36, 61, 74 | ||
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74 | ||
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1-3, 7-9, 12-14, 18-19, 21, 22, 45, 61, 66 | 1, 5, 7-13, 15, 20-21, 24-27, 29-30, 32 | |
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6, 7, 10, 42, 51 | ||
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1-3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 13, 19, 20, 25-27, 31, 34, 42, 61 | 6, 11, 14, 15 | 2, 8-12, 17, 19-22, 24, 30 |
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28, 31, 40, 45 | 1, 2, 4, 10, 12 | 28 |
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1, 11, 20 | ||
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54, 63, 74, 77 | 15 | |
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1, 2, 8-10, 12, 20, 29-30 | ||
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8, 10 | ||
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12-13, 16, 26-27, 34, 72-74 | ||
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1-9, 12-14, 16, 18-23, 25-32, 34, 38, 42, 45, 47, 61, 63, 66, 74, 75 | 6, 8, 11, 13-15 | 1-5, 7-13, 16, 20-24, 26, 28-33 |
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4, 8, 75 | ||
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12, 61 | 6, 14-15 | |
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1, 3-5, 8, 9, 13-15, 17-19, 21-22, 24-25, 27-31, 35, 39, 40, 42, 44-51, 54, 56-58, 60, 64-66, 70, 71, 73-74 | 8-11, 14-15 | 2-5, 7-13, 15-33 |
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10, 33, 74 | ||
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45, 61 | ||
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1-4, 8, 13, 17, 19 | 5, 8, 11 | 3, 5, 8-13, 28, 32-33 |
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3, 8, 13-14, 19, 20, 22-23, 26, 35, 40, 42 | 7, 18-21, 24-27, 29 | |
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18, 21, 25, 27-32, 45 | ||
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5, 14-15 | 1, 2, 8-12, 23, 30 | |
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6, 10, 11, 33, 61, 63, 74, 76 | ||
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6, 10, 33, 74 | ||
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6, 7, 10, 11, 33, 34, 36, 63, 78 | ||
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2, 6, 9, 13, 16, 19 | 2, 3, 5, 15 | |
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5, 6, 15 | ||
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11 | 3, 5, 6, 14-15 | 1, 2, 8-12, 20 |
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1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 12, 16, 19 | 5, 14-15 | 1, 2, 5, 8, 10, 11 |
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61 | ||
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74 | ||
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38, 62, 68, 69, 71 | 9 | |
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4, 5, 8, 9, 13-14, 16, 18-22, 26-28, 30, 32, 38-40, 42, 44-48, 50-52, 54, 57, 62, 64-66, 72, 75 | 5, 7, 9-10, 12 | 1, 5, 9-13, 15, 28-29, 33 |
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6, 13, 19, 26, 39, 40, 42, 46 | 3, 15 | 1 |
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11, 12, 20, 23, 34, 54, 61, 74, 77 | ||
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78 | ||
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25, 45 | ||
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12 | 6, 14-15 | 9-10, 20 |
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32 | ||
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6, 12, 33, 34, 54, 74, 78 | ||
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20, 35, 38-40, 51, 54, 55, 59, 64-66, 74 | 2, 6, 7, 10-13 | 13, 16, 27, 30 |
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65, 66 | 7, 9, 11, 13 | |
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2, 7, 8, 11, 20, 23, 26, 31, 32, 34, 38-40, 42, 43, 48, 51, 59, 65 | 2, 10 | |
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1-3, 5, 9, 12-14, 16, 18-23, 25-31, 38-41, 45-48, 51-56, 58-59, 61, 64-68, 71-73, 75 | 13 | 20 |
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12, 14, 16, 18, 20-21, 25-28, 30-35, 37, 44-47, 51, 53, 56, 58-59, 64, 66-67, 69-71, 73, 75, 77, 78 | 1, 2, 12-14 | 12-13, 15 |
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6, 12, 13, 16, 20, 61, 74 | 12 | 13 |
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1, 3 | ||
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1, 2 | 15 | 1-2, 11-12 |
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62, 68 | 2, 5, 12 | |
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1-9, 12-14, 16-22, 25-28, 30-31, 35, 37-40, 42-56, 58-59, 62, 64-75 | 2, 5-15 | 1-5, 7, 9-13, 15-22, 24-30, 32-33 |
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1, 2, 5, 12, 59, 62, 70 | 1-5, 7, 9-12, 14 | |
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12 | ||
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1-5, 8-14, 16-17, 19-23, 25-26, 33-40, 42-44, 46-48, 50-52, 54-55, 60-66, 68, 70, 74, 76 | 1-5, 7, 9-12, 14-15 | 1, 2, 5, 6, 8-15, 17, 19-20, 28-29, 32, 34 |
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1-14, 16, 18-23, 25-28, 32-35, 38-40, 43, 44, 47-48, 50-55, 59-64, 66, 74 | 5-6, 9, 11, 13-15 | 1-7, 8-17, 26-27, 29-30 |
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1, 9, 20, 59, 62, 65 | 1-4 | 5-6, 14, 34 |
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62 | 2 | |
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52 | ||
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1, 2, 7 | 1 | |
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5-8, 12, 17, 19, 20, 28, 32, 40, 47, 61, 64, 66, 74, 77 | 6, 15 | |
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1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 22-23, 26, 38, 46, 54, 67, 69, 72, 75 | 1-5, 9-10, 12 | 2, 6, 11, 14-15, 34 |
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1, 2, 11, 20, 36, 63 | ||
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33, 36 | 3-5 | 6, 14, 34 |
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15 | ||
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5-6 | ||
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32, 38, 74 | ||
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1-2, 5, 8-12, 20, 29-30 | ||
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14 | 1-3, 5, 8-13, 20, 25-26, 29, 30 | |
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1-5, 7-13, 16, 20, 23-25, 29, 30 | ||
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31-32, 34, 37, 65 | ||
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78 | 6, 14 | |
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1-3, 14, 42, 45 | 6, 11, 13-15 | 1-5, 7-13, 15-16, 20-26, 28-30 |
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1, 3-5, 8, 9, 14, 18-19, 21-22, 27 | 2-5, 7-13, 15-17, 21-25, 27, 29, 30, 32-33 | |
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7, 12-13 | 5, 15 | |
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7, 19, 39, 42, 48 | 15 | |
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11, 16 | 6, 14, 15 | |
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7, 10, 11-12, 39, 74 | 6, 14-15 | |
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7, 11-12, 20, 33, 34, 36, 63, 76, 78 |
Comparison of fish assemblage structure and catch percentages from the Patoka River drainage, 2006 to 2007.
2006 | 2007 | Total | ||||
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Species | Count | % | Count | % | Count | % |
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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11 | <1% | 5 | <1% | 16 | <1% |
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9 | <1% | 3 | <1% | 12 | <1% |
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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90 | 2% | 72 | 2% | 162 | 2% |
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2 | <1% | 2 | <1% | ||
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827 | 16% | 323 | 7% | 1150 | 12% |
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3 | <1% | 3 | <1% | ||
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142 | 3% | 89 | 2% | 231 | 2% |
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70 | 1% | 2 | <1% | 72 | 1% |
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47 | 1% | 39 | 1% | 86 | 1% |
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21 | <1% | 203 | 4% | 224 | 2% |
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12 | <1% | 70 | 2% | 82 | 1% |
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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1 | <1% | 6 | <1% | 7 | <1% |
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3 | <1% | 3 | <1% | ||
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378 | 7% | 71 | 2% | 449 | 5% |
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5 | <1% | 5 | <1% | ||
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75 | 1% | 10 | <1% | 85 | 1% |
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1 | <1% | 50 | 1% | 51 | 1% |
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6 | <1% | 8 | <1% | 14 | <1% |
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7 | <1% | 81 | 2% | 88 | 1% |
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283 | 6% | 524 | 12% | 807 | 8% |
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2 | <1% | 2 | <1% | 4 | <1% |
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27 | 1% | 27 | <1% | ||
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210 | 4% | 671 | 15% | 881 | 9% |
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2 | <1% | 1 | <1% | 3 | <1% |
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2 | <1% | 2 | <1% | ||
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89 | 2% | 89 | 1% | ||
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114 | 2% | 7 | <1% | 121 | 1% |
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209 | 5% | 209 | 2% | ||
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18 | <1% | 8 | <1% | 26 | <1% |
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4 | <1% | 4 | <1% | 8 | <1% |
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28 | 1% | 28 | <1% | ||
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21 | <1% | 21 | <1% | ||
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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31 | 1% | 1 | <1% | 32 | <1% |
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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1 | <1% | 22 | <1% | 23 | <1% |
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141 | 3% | 69 | 2% | 210 | 2% |
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17 | <1% | 1 | <1% | 18 | <1% |
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8 | <1% | 11 | <1% | 19 | <1% |
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4 | <1% | 4 | <1% | ||
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2 | <1% | 2 | <1% | ||
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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2 | <1% | 2 | <1% | ||
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5 | <1% | 5 | <1% | 10 | <1% |
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17 | <1% | 13 | <1% | 30 | <1% |
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7 | <1% | 7 | <1% | ||
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19 | <1% | 24 | 1% | 43 | <1% |
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58 | 1% | 423 | 9% | 481 | 5% |
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33 | 1% | 568 | 12% | 601 | 6% |
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15 | <1% | 5 | <1% | 20 | <1% |
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24 | <1% | 24 | <1% | ||
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9 | <1% | 9 | <1% | ||
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2 | <1% | 2 | <1% | ||
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260 | 5% | 288 | 6% | 548 | 6% |
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5 | <1% | 5 | <1% | 10 | <1% |
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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461 | 9% | 178 | 4% | 639 | 7% |
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1314 | 26% | 264 | 6% | 1578 | 16% |
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8 | <1% | 7 | <1% | 15 | <1% |
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11 | <1% | 11 | <1% | ||
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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7 | <1% | 7 | <1% | ||
|
26 | 1% | 57 | 1% | 83 | 1% |
|
25 | <1% | 11 | <1% | 36 | <1% |
|
22 | <1% | 22 | <1% | ||
|
2 | <1% | 2 | <1% | ||
|
||||||
|
1 | <1% | 2 | <1% | 3 | <1% |
|
2 | <1% | 41 | 1% | 43 | <1% |
|
1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
|
8 | <1% | 3 | <1% | 11 | <1% |
|
74 | 1% | 17 | <1% | 91 | 1% |
|
2 | <1% | 1 | <1% | 3 | <1% |
|
5 | <1% | 1 | <1% | 6 | <1% |
|
2 | <1% | 2 | <1% | ||
|
5 | <1% | 3 | <1% | 8 | <1% |
|
||||||
|
18 | <1% | 5 | <1% | 23 | <1% |
Total Number of Individuals | 5110 | 4548 | 9658 |
List of macroinvertebrate taxa collected during 2006-2007 from the Patoka River, Muscatatuck, and Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuges. Numbers indicate the sites at which each species has been collected based on information in Supplemental materials Suppl. material
Taxa List | Patoka River | Muscatatuck | Big Oaks |
---|---|---|---|
|
67 | ||
|
|||
|
15, 18, 27 | ||
|
23, 26, 38, 43, 44, 72 | 13, 15 | |
|
14, 15, 18, 25, 27, 30 | 8, 11 | |
|
4, 14 | 5 | |
|
3, 19, 26, 34, 36 | 20 | |
|
23, 24, 26, 30, 35, 44, 72 | 16, 17 | |
|
5, 8, 15-16, 17, 20, 27, 42-43, 47-48, 50 | 15, 29 | |
|
14 | ||
|
15, 18, 22, 27, 29 | 11 | |
|
19 | ||
|
26, 35, 78 | ||
|
|||
|
2-4, 7, 9, 14-18, 20, 22-23, 25-27, 29-31, 33, 38, 40-44, 47-48, 50-52, 55, 63, 65-66, 72-73 | 7, 8, 16 | 8-13, 15-16, 19-20, 25, 29, 30 |
|
|||
|
7, 10-12, 20, 25, 27, 30 | ||
|
7-10, 12 | ||
|
26 | 11, 30 | |
|
|||
|
8 | ||
|
11, 12 | ||
|
5, 34, 76, 77 | 8, 9, 12 | |
|
14, 15, 18, 22, 29, 37, 49, 82 | ||
|
11, 20, 25 | ||
|
5, 11, 25 | ||
|
11 | 5, 11, 20, 27, 30 | |
|
7, 36, 42, 63, 76 | 9, 11 | |
|
1-5, 9, 14, 15, 18, 22-23, 25-26, 30, 42, 43 | 11 | 7-13, 15, 16, 20, 15, 29, 30 |
|
|||
|
12, 20, 25, 30 | ||
|
|||
|
6, 33-35, 63, 76-78 | ||
|
|||
|
5 | 20, 29 | |
|
12, 17, 20 | ||
|
1, 2, 10, 14, 15, 18, 22, 82, 83 | 7-12, 15 | |
|
|||
|
83 | 20 | |
|
9, 20, 23, 38, 40, 43, 44, 67 | ||
|
54 | ||
|
39, 40, 44, 51, 63, 77 | 12 | |
|
15, 18, 22, 30, 46, 48-50, 56, 59, 64, 66 | 8, 13, 19 | |
|
13, 16, 26 | ||
|
40 | ||
|
1, 9, 14-15, 19, 20, 22-23, 25-27, 29-31, 33-35, 38, 40-41, 44, 47-48, 50, 52, 55-56, 59, 62, 66, 67, 72-73, 77, 82 | 13, 16, 17 | 7, 15 |
|
6, 7, 11, 14, 16, 20, 25-26, 29, 30, 33, 40-44, 46-48, 50, 52-53, 56, 62, 66, 73, 76-78 | 13 | 9, 11, 12, 20 |
|
6, 7, 9-11, 20, 33, 34, 40, 54, 63, 76-78 | ||
|
9, 19, 23, 39, 40, 44, 51, 72 | 9 | |
|
76 | 9 | |
|
26, 40 | ||
|
9, 13, 16, 19, 23, 26, 38, 40, 72 | 13 | |
|
6, 13, 16, 20, 26, 33, 34, 38-40, 44, 72, 77 | 8, 10, 12, 13 | |
|
9, 13, 16, 19, 20, 23, 38, 40, 72 | ||
|
67 | ||
|
2, 7, 13, 16, 19, 20, 23, 26, 38-40, 72 | ||
|
9, 33, 63 | ||
|
1, 38 | ||
|
9, 17, 23, 24-25, 27, 33, 35, 38, 40, 63, 67, 72 | 10 | |
|
|||
|
35 | ||
1-3, 13, 16, 20, 38-40, 42-44, 54, 77 | 13 | 13, 15 | |
|
1, 40, 44, 51 | ||
|
41, 46 | 13 | 12 |
|
34, 77 | ||
|
|||
|
49, 83 | 12, 32 | |
|
15 | ||
|
11, 16, 26, 33, 38, 43 | ||
|
40, 43 | ||
|
43 | ||
|
42, 67 | 7, 15, 18, 27, 32 | |
|
16 | ||
|
17 | ||
|
17 | ||
|
14, 29, 56, 59, 62, 73 | 13, 19 | |
|
15 | ||
|
7, 12 | 13 | |
|
23 | ||
|
72 | 13 | |
26, 38, 42, 72 | 13, 15 | ||
|
40 | ||
|
|||
|
13 | ||
|
78 | ||
|
7, 34, 39, 42, 43, 51, 55 | ||
|
54, 62 | 13, 30 | |
|
38-40, 44 | 7, 9, 12, 15 | |
|
1, 6, 42 | ||
|
11 | ||
|
64, 66 | 5, 11, 30 | |
|
11, 30 | ||
|
44, 51, 64 | 10 | |
|
|||
|
|||
|
3, 14, 15, 37, 48, 82 | 5 | |
|
|||
|
14, 18, 22, 29, 37, 41, 46-50, 82, 83, 86 | 11, 19 | |
|
|||
|
3 | 5, 12, 30 | |
|
9 | ||
|
3 | ||
|
56 | ||
|
14, 15, 18, 22, 27, 29, 49, 82 | 11 | |
|
|||
|
|||
|
23, 26, 35, 38 | 13 | |
|
30, 41, 62 | 17 | |
|
1, 34, 72 | ||
|
1, 11, 23, 36, 38, 43, 67 | 15 | |
|
11 | ||
|
15 | 16 | |
|
17 | 15 | |
|
1, 20, 33, 36, 43, 55, 59, 67 | 15 | |
|
77, 78 | ||
|
35, 76 | ||
|
1, 2, 9, 23, 38 | ||
41 | 15 | ||
|
3, 8, 17 | 7 | |
|
23 | ||
|
8, 17, 35, 38-40, 42, 67, 72 | ||
|
72, 77 | ||
|
38 | ||
|
3 | ||
|
6 | ||
|
3, 6, 11, 13, 16, 20, 26, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 42, 43, 77, 78 | ||
|
4, 5, 42 | ||
|
6, 9, 13, 16, 19, 20, 38, 72 | 13 | |
|
3, 5, 7, 9, 13, 16, 19, 20, 26, 42, 72 | 29 | |
|
|||
|
23 | ||
|
|||
|
1, 44 | ||
|
|||
|
1, 6, 11, 13, 16, 20, 38, 72 | 8 | |
|
|||
|
38, 67 | 17 | |
|
|||
|
11, 39 | 12 | |
|
16 | ||
|
|||
|
43, 77, 83 | 13 | |
|
24, 36 | ||
|
|||
|
9, 11, 13, 20, 33, 38, 67, 72 | 10 | |
|
|||
|
19 | ||
|
23 | ||
|
1, 3-5, 8, 13, 17, 35, 39, 40, 42-44, 51, 77 | ||
|
19, 23, 35, 43, 46-47, 54, 67, 72, 83-86 | ||
|
39, 40 | ||
|
76 | ||
|
|||
|
|||
|
36 | 15 | |
|
70 | ||
|
5, 8, 11-13, 20, 25 | ||
|
|||
|
3 | 5, 7, 11-13, 15, 20, 25, 30 | |
|
|||
|
1-4, 38, 39, 42-44, 51, 53-54, 62, 83 | 7, 8, 10, 11-13, 15, 16, 27, 30 | |
|
|||
|
|||
|
3-5, 13-15, 19, 20, 25-27, 29-30, 33, 34, 36, 39, 41, 44, 47-52, 54-55, 63-65, 77-78 | 9, 11, 13 | 5, 8, 11, 12, 20 |
|
25, 29, 50 | 5 | |
|
19, 51 | ||
|
36 | ||
|
63 | ||
|
4, 7, 33, 34, 54, 76, 77, 78 | ||
|
22 | 9 | |
|
|||
|
7, 15, 25 | ||
|
|||
|
25, 27, 38, 40, 47, 48, 50, 53, 55, 59, 64 | ||
|
44 | ||
|
20, 39 | ||
|
8, 9 | ||
|
77 | ||
|
34, 78 | ||
|
26, 76, 78 | ||
|
40 | ||
|
14, 20, 38, 40-41, 56, 64 | ||
|
|||
|
18, 22, 27, 29, 41, 46, 49, 82, 84 | 8-10, 19, 20 | |
|
12 | ||
|
|||
|
4, 19 | ||
|
19, 51 | ||
|
41, 47, 48, 50 | 5, 11, 20, 30 | |
|
|||
|
83, 85 | 17 | |
|
|||
|
2, 4 | 8, 10 | |
|
5, 7, 34, 63, 76-78 | ||
|
83 | ||
|
|||
|
27, 41 | 11, 19 | |
|
|||
|
15 | ||
|
|||
|
8 | ||
|
26 | ||
|
|||
|
8 | ||
|
17 | 19 | |
|
|||
|
26, 34 | 7 | |
|
|||
|
39 | 7, 8, 10, 12, 20, 25, 27, 30 | |
|
41 | ||
|
2, 9, 16, 18-20, 40, 44, 77 | 9, 12, 20, 25 | |
|
44 | ||
|
20 | ||
|
43 | 18 | |
|
18 | ||
|
84 | ||
|
15, 18, 22, 29, 30, 47, 52 | ||
|
72 | ||
|
67 | ||
|
35 | ||
|
82 | ||
|
22, 29 | ||
|
17, 44 | ||
|
24, 35, 67 | 27 | |
|
23, 24, 35 | ||
|
13 | ||
|
23 | ||
( |
18, 22, 29, 62, 66 | 16 | |
|
55, 65, 66 | ||
|
1-3, 11, 16, 23, 26, 34, 38, 40, 42, 43, 78 | 7, 9, 11-13, 15 | |
|
25, 73, 83 | 12, 16 | |
|
|||
|
1, 2, 7, 33, 34, 38, 76-78 | ||
|
1-3, 6, 7, 9, 16, 20, 23, 26, 33, 34, 38-40, 43, 44, 54, 63, 76-78 | 8-10, 13, 15 | |
|
77 | ||
|
23, 26, 38-40, 43, 44 | 8, 9, 13, 15 | |
|
14, 47, 48, 52, 46, 59, 64-66, 70, 73 | ||
|
7, 11, 33, 34, 38-40, 63, 76-78 | 10 | |
|
2-4, 6, 11, 16, 20, 26, 33, 34, 36, 38-40, 51, 63, 76-78 | ||
|
51 | ||
|
44 | ||
|
8-10 | ||
|
3-5, 19, 26, 34, 40, 44, 76 | 5, 8-10, 13, 20, 25, 29 | |
|
14, 18, 22, 25, 27, 29, 30, 41, 46-50, 55, 56, 64 | ||
|
44 | ||
|
10, 43 | ||
|
20 | ||
|
73 | 13 | |
|
6, 77 | ||
|
35, 42-44 | ||
|
47, 55 | ||
|
|||
|
62 | ||
|
38, 40, 86 | 9 | |
|
1, 9, 11, 13, 15-18, 20, 23, 26, 29-31, 35, 37-38, 40, 43, 44, 47-48, 50, 55, 59, 66-67, 72-73 | 13, 16 | 8, 12-13, 15, 16, 23, 27, 29 |
|
23 | ||
|
1, 2, 5, 16, 20, 23, 26, 33, 35, 39, 40, 44, 67 | 8, 13, 15 | |
|
31, 44 | ||
|
1, 48, 62, 67, 70 | 12, 17, 20 | 15 |
|
1 | 13 | |
|
16, 20, 35, 59, 65, 67 | 13 | |
|
20, 35, 44, 67 | ||
|
59, 62, 66 | 17 | |
|
13, 23, 35, 39, 40, 72 | ||
Hydrochidae | |||
|
1, 43, 67 | ||
|
35, 72 | ||
|
2, 67 | ||
|
9, 13, 16, 20, 23, 26, 35, 38, 40, 44, 51, 72 | 15 | |
|
9, 16, 20, 23, 26, 34, 38, 40, 44, 51, 72 | 13. 15 | |
|
14, 18, 25, 29, 46, 48, 50, 53, 55, 56, 59, 62, 64, 73 | ||
|
22 | ||
|
1, 13, 24, 26, 35, 40, 44 | ||
|
35 | ||
|
10 | ||
|
20 | ||
|
8, 17, 35 | ||
|
23, 35, 40, 44, 67 | 8, 15 | |
|
67 | ||
|
27 | ||
|
16, 17, 23, 24, 26, 39, 44 | ||
|
27 | ||
|
|||
|
11, 23 | ||
|
3-5, 13 | 5, 7-12, 18, 20, 23, 25, 29, 30 | |
|
|||
|
1, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 23, 26, 33 | 10, 12, 13 | |
|
46, 70 | 20 | |
|
|||
|
1, 3, 4, 11, 13, 23, 26, 33-35, 38, 40, 43, 44, 72 | 7, 15 | |
( |
|||
|
14, 15, 18 | ||
|
29 | ||
( |
7 | ||
|
62 | ||
|
15, 49, 55, 82, 84-86 | ||
|
9 | 7, 8, 15 | |
|
7-9, 11, 13, 16 | ||
|
8, 9, 11, 13 | ||
|
15, 18, 22, 46, 47, 50 | ||
|
7 | 20 | |
|
23, 26, 35, 40 | ||
|
18, 41 | ||
|
44 | ||
|
85 | ||
|
31 | ||
( |
|||
|
15, 18, 22, 49, 59 | ||
|
14, 22, 30, 48, 49, 52, 56, 73 | ||
( |
|||
|
14, 15, 18, 22, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31, 37, 41, 46-50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 59, 62, 64-66, 70, 73, 82, 84 | ||
|
38 | ||
26, 35, 44 | |||
|
49 | ||
|
15, 18, 22, 47-50, 52, 55, 56, 59, 64, 66, 73 | ||
|
52, 72 | ||
|
47, 62 | ||
|
62 | ||
|
82 | ||
( |
5, 6, 8, 13, 17, 20, 26, 33, 35, 43, 72, 77 | 15 | |
( |
5, 8, 14-5, 19, 23, 25, 27, 33, 35, 38-40, 43, 56, 62, 64, 70 | 7, 10-12 | |
|
1, 8, 15, 22, 24, 29, 34, 35, 39, 43, 44, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 62, 64, 66, 70, 73, 86 | 9, 17, 20 | 10-11, 18 |
|
62 | ||
|
6, 23, 25-26, 35, 38, 40, 42, 43, 50, 56, 64, 66, 73 | ||
|
26, 38, 40, 43, 56, 66 | ||
|
5, 9, 13, 15-16, 19, 20, 23, 25-27, 29-30, 35, 38, 40, 42-44, 56, 62, 66, 72-73 | 7, 11 | 29 |
|
7, 16, 35, 52, 62, 73 | 16, 17 | |
|
42, 43, 63, 70, 86 | 7, 11, 16, 17 | 9, 10, 12, 15, 30 |
|
4, 5, 8, 22, 44 | 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 20 | |
|
6, 7, 16, 52 | 16 | |
|
39, 40, 43, 70, 76 | ||
|
15, 18, 29, 30, 42, 47, 70 | 11 | 11, 23 |
|
5, 11, 13, 19, 35, 39, 42, 56 | ||
|
13 | ||
|
1, 2, 4-7, 9, 13-16, 18-20, 22-23, 25-27, 29-31, 33-36, 38-44, 46-49, 51-52, 55-56, 63-64, 66-67, 72-73, 77-78, 83 | 7-9, 11, 13, 16, 17 | 5, 7, 10-11, 13, 20, 30 |
|
8 | ||
|
50 | ||
|
3, 4, 26, 42, 43 | 7-8, 10-12, 15-16, 27, 29, 32 | |
|
77 | ||
( |
|||
|
22-23, 25-26, 29-30 | ||
( |
9, 33, 35, 43, 44, 63 | 15 | |
|
9, 18, 20, 22-23, 26, 43, 44, 48, 50, 64, 67 | 11 | 10, 11, 13 |
|
15, 18, 22, 29, 48, 49, 52, 53, 59, 62, 66 | 9 | |
3, 8, 13, 20, 23, 26, 34, 35, 38, 40, 43, 44, | |||
|
8, 14, 26-27, 29, 35, 38, 40, 44, 59, 62, 64, 66, 70 | 7 | |
|
14, 25-27, 30, 33-34, 40, 43, 46, 49, 50, 52, 70 | 5 | |
|
9 | ||
|
14-16, 18, 20, 22, 25-27, 30, 35, 38, 40-41, 43-44, 47, 48, 50-51, 55, 56, 59, 62, 64, 66, 70, 83 | 7, 10 | 11, 13, 15, 29, 30 |
( |
4, 18, 35 | 15 | |
( |
|||
|
20, 23, 40-41, 72 | 12 | |
( |
|||
|
1, 4, 17, 42, 44 | 7 | |
|
22, 29, 79 | ||
( |
|||
|
16, 20, 35, 38-40, 42, 43, 52, 55, 59, 62, 72 | 16 | 11 |
( |
|||
|
2, 6, 7, 11, 33, 34, 63, 76-78 | ||
|
3, 5, 7, 17, 26, 33, 35, 38-40, 42-44, 72 | ||
|
15, 48, 50, 53 | 16, 17 | |
|
1 | ||
|
33, 34, 43, 63 | ||
|
40 | 17 | |
|
5, 18, 22, 31, 40, 46, 52, 62, 64, 70, 73, 79, 82 | 16 | |
|
35 | ||
|
66 | ||
|
1, 5, 13-15, 17-19, 22, 25-27, 29-31, 33, 35, 40, 46-48, 50-51, 55-56, 64, 66 | 8, 9 | 8 |
|
15, 37, 48, 79, 82 | ||
( |
|||
|
67, 72 | ||
|
59, 62 | 17 | |
|
47, 50, 53-55, 56, 59, 62, 64, 66, 70, 85 | 19 | |
|
13, 24 | ||
2, 3, 40, 46, 70 | |||
|
33, 35, 38, 40, 43, 54 | ||
|
44, 53, 59, 62 | ||
|
23 | ||
|
26 | ||
|
40 | ||
|
|||
|
18 | ||
|
|||
|
86 | ||
|
24 | ||
|
4, 6, 8, 9, 17, 36 | ||
|
67 | ||
|
24, 42, 44 | ||
|
12 | ||
|
3, 4, 6, 7 | ||
|
31 | ||
|
|||
|
14 | ||
|
3, 4, 14, 44, 47, 48, 50, 56, 64, 66 | ||
|
27, 59 | ||
|
|||
|
18 | ||
|
7, 9 | ||
|
|||
|
4 | ||
|
3 | ||
|
51 | ||
|
25, 27, 29, 46, 52, 53, 64-66, 70, 73 | 7, 11 | |
|
|||
|
2, 67 | 7, 13 | |
|
29, 37, 41, 50, 53, 62, 83 | 9 | |
|
1, 42 | ||
|
1, 6, 23, 35, 40, 43, 44 | 13 | |
|
72 | 8 | |
|
26 | 7 | |
|
5, 7-8, 12, 20 | ||
|
9 | ||
|
49 | 11, 12 | |
|
4 | ||
|
14, 18-19, 29, 30, 38, 41, 56, 64, 82 | 11, 13 | 8 |
47 | |||
|
|||
|
|||
|
13 | ||
|
|||
|
4, 10, 20, 24, 26, 35, 38, 67, 72 | 9 | |
|
63 | ||
|
23 | ||
|
|||
|
|||
|
24, 35, 44, 48, 54, 67 | 7, 19-20 | 18 |
|
35, 39, 44 | ||
|
11, 14-15, 24, 29, 30, 34, 35, 37, 56, 65, 70 | ||
|
1-3, 6, 7, 17, 19, 22, 25-26, 29, 34, 38-40 | ||
|
9-12 | ||
|
12 | ||
|
63 | ||
|
9, 11 | ||
|
5, 7-13, 15, 16, 20, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 32 | ||
|
5 | 13 | |
|
59 | ||
|
62 | ||
( |
14, 15, 22, 25, 27, 29-31, 37, 41, 47-50, 55, 56, 65, 66, 73, 79, 83, 84 | ||
|
|||
|
|||
|
1, 2, 18, 25-27, 38, 40, 46-48, 50, 52, 55, 59, 62-63 | 7, 12, 16, 17, 19 | 8, 9, 12, 13, 15 |
|
|||
|
11, 18, 22, 27, 31, 37, 40-41, 46-50, 55, 63, 70, 73, 79, 82-84 | 8-10, 12, 13, 16, 19, 20 | |
|
22, 27, 29, 41, 64-66, 82, 83 | 8-11, 13, 19, 20 | 29 |
|
|||
|
|||
|
5, 14-15, 17-18, 22, 25, 27, 29-30, 35-37, 39, 40-43, 46-50, 52, 53, 56, 58-59, 62-66, 70, 73, 76, 82-84, 86 | 9, 10, 12, 13, 20 | |
|
1, 3, 22, 25, 27, 29-31, 35, 36, 73, 79 | 7-13, 16, 19, 20 | 13, 15, 20 |
|
4, 11, 35, 67 | 13, 15 | |
|
|||
|
|||
|
26, 33, 34, 38-40, 44, 78 | 8, 11 | |
|
27, 56, 59, 64, 66, 73 | 13 | 12 |
|
65, 66 | ||
|
15, 25, 27, 29-31, 37, 58, 64-65, 67, 70 | 12 | 10, 18, 19, 27, 29 |
|
1, 6, 11, 33, 34, 38, 40, 42, 43, 56, 58, 59, 65, 67, 72, 76-78 | 7, 12, 16, 17, 19 | 5, 7-13, 15, 20, 25, 30, 32 |
|
|||
|
7 | ||
|
35 | 10 | |
|
43 | ||
|
22, 30, 31, 35, 37, 47, 48, 56, 59, 62, 73 | 9, 11-13, 20 | |
|
35, 44, 67 | ||
|
35, 38, 40 | ||
|
70 | 7, 12, 16 | |
|
1, 25, 31, 59, 64, 70 | 11 | 13, 15, 27, 29, 30 |
|
26 | 13 | |
|
|||
|
1, 8, 9, 13, 15-17, 19- 20, 23-27, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37-44, 53, 56, 58-59, 62, 65, 67, 70, 72-73, 76-78 | 7, 9-13, 16, 20 | 7, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 23, 27, 32 |
|
|||
|
1 | 5, 7-13, 15, 20, 25, 30 | |
|
40 | ||
|
1 | ||
|
8-13, 15 | ||
11, 13, 19 | |||
|
35 | 7, 10, 11, 13 | |
|
14, 31, 55, 62 | ||
|
15, 25, 30, 37, 47, 58, 73, 79, 83, 84, 86 | 18 | |
|
1, 10, 76, 79 | ||
|
16, 23, 24, 26, 34, 35, 38-40, 42, 43, 54, 67, 72, 76 | 13 | |
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9, 16 | ||
|
13 | ||
|
58, 62, 66 | 7, 12, 16 | |
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14, 15, 30, 31, 58, 70, 83 | 9, 12, 13, 16, 19, 20 | |
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14, 22, 27, 29-31, 64, 66 | 13, 16 | |
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14, 30, 52, 53, 56, 58, 64, 73 | 25 | |
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16 | ||
|
62 | ||
|
7 | ||
|
22 | 9, 16 | 16 |
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7 | ||
|
34, 42, 51, 78 | ||
|
7, 11, 22, 29, 30, 43, 76 | ||
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30, 73 | ||
|
50 | ||
|
62 | ||
|
16 | ||
22, 27, 29, 31, 37, 47, 56, 58, 59, 62, 64-66, 70 | 12 | ||
14, 15, 18, 22, 25, 27, 29-31, 37, 41, 49, 50, 52, 55, 56, 58, 59, 62, 64-66, 70, 73, 83 | 12, 16, 19 | ||
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35, 38, 43 | ||
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14, 31 | 9 | |
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58 | 20 | |
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33, 38, 43, 67 | 12 | |
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11, 67 | ||
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52, 59 | ||
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33, 77, 78 | ||
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6, 15, 19, 72, 83 | ||
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29, 52 | 7, 16 | |
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|
7, 16 |
List of crayfish taxa collected from three National Wildlife Refuges. Numbers indicate the sites at which each species has been collected based on information in Supplemental materials Appendix a-d and Figures 1-3.
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59, 62 | 13 | ||
1-3, 6-7, 17, 19, 22, 25, 26, 29, 34, 38-40, 63 | |||
5 | 1, 2 | ||
8-11, 15 | |||
5, 6, 10, 13-15, 20 | 3-5, 7- 13, 15-17, 20-27, 29-33 | ||
11, 14-15, 22, 24-25, 27, 29-31, 34-35, 37, 41, 47-50, 55-56, 65- 66, 70, 73, 79, 83, 84 | 6, 8-11, 13, 21 | 5 | |
10, 15, 19, 32 | |||
19 | |||
24, 35, 44, 48, 54, 67 | 1, 5, 7, 8-13, 15-16, 18-20 | 7, 10, 11, 18 | |
35, 39, 44 | 8, 13, 15 | 3, 7, 10-11, 25, 33 |
Comparison of fish assemblage structure and catch percentages from the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge.
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426 | 8% | 751 | 17% | 1177 | 12% |
|
10 | <1% | 18 | <1% | 28 | <1% |
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40 | 1% | 171 | 4% | 211 | 2% |
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72 | 1% | 223 | 5% | 295 | 3% |
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182 | 3% | 461 | 10% | 643 | 7% |
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29 | 1% | 16 | <1% | 45 | <1% |
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18 | <1% | 18 | <1% | ||
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10 | <1% | 10 | <1% | ||
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38 | 1% | 28 | 1% | 66 | 1% |
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15 | <1% | 15 | <1% | ||
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964 | 18% | 857 | 19% | 1821 | 0 |
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523 | 10% | 485 | 11% | 1008 | 10% |
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4 | <1% | 4 | <1% | ||
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26 | <1% | 235 | 5% | 261 | 3% |
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30 | 1% | 1 | <1% | 31 | <1% |
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39 | 1% | 93 | 2% | 132 | 1% |
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10 | <1% | 75 | 2% | 85 | 1% |
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21 | <1% | 7 | <1% | 28 | <1% |
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18 | <1% | 8 | <1% | 26 | <1% |
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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6 | <1% | 3 | <1% | 9 | <1% |
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1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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|
123 | 2% | 52 | 1% | 175 | 2% |
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2 | <1% | 2 | <1% | ||
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12 | <1% | 6 | <1% | 18 | <1% |
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285 | 5% | 78 | 2% | 363 | 4% |
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1159 | 22% | 3 | <1% | 1162 | 12% |
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147 | 3% | 148 | 3% | 295 | 3% |
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161 | 3% | 161 | 2% | ||
|
1 | <1% | 1 | <1% | ||
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23 | <1% | 2 | <1% | 25 | <1% |
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21 | <1% | 21 | <1% | ||
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72 | 1% | 32 | 1% | 104 | 1% |
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286 | 5% | 137 | 3% | 423 | 4% |
|
86 | 2% | 66 | 1% | 152 | 2% |
|
177 | 3% | 375 | 8% | 552 | 6% |
|
269 | 5% | 109 | 2% | 378 | 4% |
Total Number of Individuals | 5292 | 4455 | 9747 |
Biological diversity and integrity comparison of aquatic faunal assemblages at three National Wildlife Refuges in southern Indiana.
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Refuge | Macroinvertebrates | Crayfish | Fish | Total | 2006 | 2007 | Range |
Patoka River NWR | 355 | 6 | 82 | 443 | 35 | 31 | 0-56 |
Muscatatuck NWR | 96 | 6 | 51 | 153 | -- | 40 | 12-54 |
Big Oaks NWR | 163 | 7 | 37 | 207 | 35 | 41 | 26-54 |
Supplemental Materials Appendix: Sites
Data type: Location georeferenced information
Brief description: Site distribution data with decimal minute degree lat-lon for study sites.
File: oo_34397.docx
Comparison of Relative IBI Cumulative Distribution Frequency for sites sampled within the Patoka River drainage
Data type: Analyzed IBI score calculations
Brief description: Patoka raw data on separate spreadsheets including macroinvertebrate, crayfish, and fish information and analyzed results of index of biotic integrity, Shannon-Weiner, and species richness.
File: oo_34508.xls
Comparison of Relative IBI Frequency for sites sampled by Fish & Wildlife Service in 2006 (n=70), the Indiana Department of Environmental Management in 2007 (n=34), and a combination of all sites (n=104) within and around the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge
Data type: Raw and Analyzed data for Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge
Brief description: Data files for fish, crayfish, macroinvertebrate, QHEI, index of biotic integrity, Shannon-Weiner, and Species richness information for the Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge.
File: oo_34509.xls
Comparison of Relative IBI Cumulative Distribution Frequency for sites sampled by Fish & Wildlife Service (n=49), the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (n=30), and a combination of all sites (n=79) within and around the Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge during 2007.
Data type: Raw and Analyzed data for Muscatatcuck National Wildlife Refuge
Brief description: Data files for fish, crayfish, macroinvertebrates, including analyzed information for QHEI, index of biotic integrity, Shannon-Weiner, and Species richness for the Muscatatuck National Wildlife Refuge
File: oo_34523.xls