Corresponding authors: Mircea-Dan Mitroiu (
Academic editor: Michael Kuhlmann
Deceased author
The European Commission published the
In regard to biodiversity in Europe, science and policies depend on knowledge of its components. The assessment of biodiversity, monitoring changes, sustainable exploitation of biodiversity, and much legislative work depends upon a validated overview of taxonomic biodiversity, in which
Within the EU BON project further steps will be made to implement
The
The ecology and biology of the species from the above families are extremely diverse. In their larval stage most species are carnivorous, feeding mainly on other insects or spiders, but some groups are specialized on other diets such as nectar and pollen (e.g.
The group contains many species of parasitoids frequently used in biological control e.g.
In the
Fig.
Estimated gaps in terms of described species that are known from Europe, but are not currently included in the database are presented in Table 1. They range from zero for many families up to about 5-10% for other groups, and are expected to be filled in the next version of the database. Country gaps are not included in this analysis, but are expected to be higher in south-eastern European countries, where studies of
With regard to the undescribed taxa, it would be generally highly speculative to estimate the potential number of new species for most families, especially for highly diverse groups containing minute species, such as
Fig.
In addition, the number of taxonomists is continuously decreasing: unfortunatelly some excellent specialists are either deceased (Dr Till Osten and Dr Guido Nonveiller) or are retired and inactive (Table
This BDJ data paper includes the taxonomic indexing efforts in
The taxonomic framework of Fauna Europaea includes
Every taxonomic group is covered by at least one Group Coordinator responsible for the supervision and integrated input of taxonomic and distributional data of a particular group. For
The
Data management tasks are carried out by the
The study area covers the European mainland (Western Palaearctic), including the Macaronesian islands, excluding the Caucasus, Turkey, Arabian Peninsula and Northern Africa.
Standards. Group coordinators and taxonomic specialists have to deliver the (sub)species names according to strict standards. The names provided by FaEu are scientific names. The taxonomic scope includes issues like (1) the definition of criteria used to identify the accepted species-group taxa, (2) the hierarchy (classification scheme) for the accommodation of the all accepted species, (3) relevant synonyms, and (4) the correct nomenclature. The
Data management. The data could either be entered offline into a preformatted MS-Excel worksheet or directly into the
Data set. The
For preparing the
See spatial coverage and geographic coverage descriptions.
To facilitate data transfer and data import, sophisticated on-line (web interfaces) and off-line (spreadsheets) data-entry routines have been built, well integrated within an underlying central
The
Fig.
Further, all
Checks on technical and logical correctness of the data have been implemented in the data entry tools, including around 50 "
In conclusion (see above), recognised gaps in
To optimise the use and implementation of a uniform and correct nomenclature, also following the global efforts on establishing a so-called 'Global Names Architecture' (
Fig.
By evaluating team structure and life cycle procedures (data-entry, validation, updating, etc.), clear definitions of roles of users and user-groups, according to the taxonomic framework were established, including ownership and read and write privileges, and their changes during the project life-cycle. In addition, guidelines on common data exchange formats and codes have been issued (see also the '
Species and subspecies distributions in
The focus is on species (or subspecies) of European multicellular animals of terrestrial and freshwater environments. Species in brackish waters, occupying the marine/freshwater or marine/terrestrial transition zones, are generally excluded.
Mediterranean (N 35°) and Arctic Islands (N 82°) Latitude; Atlantic Ocean (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) (W 30°) and Urals (E 60°) Longitude.
The
This data paper covers the
The classification used in the
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Currently living animals in stable populations, largely excluding (1) rare / irregular immigrants, intruder or invader species, (2) accidental or deliberate releases of exotic (pet)species, (3) domesticated animals, (4) foreign species imported and released for bio-control or (5) foreign species largely confined to hothouses.
Open Data Commons Attribution License
Fauna Europaea -
2
Fauna Europaea -
CSV
25
UTF-8
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
datasetName | The name identifying the data set from which the record was derived ( |
version | Release version of data set. |
versionIssued | Issue data of data set version. |
rights | Information about rights held in and over the resource ( |
rightsHolder | A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource ( |
accessRights | Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status ( |
taxonID | An identifier for the set of taxon information ( |
parentNameUsageID | An identifier for the name usage of the direct parent taxon (in a classification) of the most specific element of the scientificName ( |
scientificName | The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known ( |
acceptedNameUsage | The full name, with authorship and date information if known, of the currently valid (zoological) taxon ( |
originalNameUsage | The original combination (genus and species group names), as firstly established under the rules of the associated nomenclaturalCode ( |
family | The full scientific name of the family in which the taxon is classified ( |
familyNameId | An identifier for the family name. |
genus | The full scientific name of the genus in which the taxon is classified ( |
subgenus | The full scientific name of the subgenus in which the taxon is classified. Values include the genus to avoid homonym confusion ( |
specificEpithet | The name of the first or species epithet of the scientificName ( |
infraspecificEpithet | The name of the lowest or terminal infraspecific epithet of the scientificName, excluding any rank designation ( |
taxonRank | The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName ( |
scientificNameAuthorship | The authorship information for the scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode ( |
authorName | Author name information |
namePublishedInYear | The four-digit year in which the scientificName was published ( |
Brackets | Annotation if authorship should be put between parentheses. |
nomenclaturalCode | The nomenclatural code under which the scientificName is constructed ( |
taxonomicStatus | The status of the use of the scientificName as a label for a taxon ( |
resourceDescription | An account of the resource, including a data-paper DOI ( |
Fauna Europaea -
CSV
12
UTF-8
Column label | Column description |
---|---|
datasetName | The name identifying the data set from which the record was derived ( |
version | Release version of data set. |
versionIssued | Issue data of data set version. |
rights | Information about rights held in and over the resource ( |
rightsHolder | A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource ( |
accessRights | Information about who can access the resource or an indication of its security status ( |
taxonName | The full scientific name of the higher-level taxon |
scientificNameAuthorship | The authorship information for the scientificName formatted according to the conventions of the applicable nomenclaturalCode ( |
taxonRank | The taxonomic rank of the most specific name in the scientificName ( |
taxonID | An identifier for the set of taxon information ( |
parentNameUsageID | An identifier for the name usage of the direct parent taxon (in a classification) of the most specific element of the scientificName ( |
resourceDescription | An account of the resource, including a data-paper DOI ( |
All taxonomic experts and associated specialists for this group, past and present, are acknowledged for their great contribution to the development of the database. The first author would like to thank Dr John Noyes for his excellent work as former group coordinator of ‘
All of the authors of this paper have contributed to the datasets for the
Fauna Europaea on-line (browser interfaces) and off-line (spreadsheets) data entry tools.
FaEu
Fauna Europaea geographic coverage ('minimal Europe').
Responsible specialists per family in
* At present, Fauna Europaea lists 135 accepted chrysidid subspecies. We estimate that at least 50 subspecies could be considered as valid species, and future molecular analysis will prove it as in the case of the
TAXONOMY | EUROPE | |||
FAMILY | SPECIALIST(S) | DATABASED SPECIES (Fauna Europaea) | TOTAL DESCRIBED SPECIES (information-gap) | TOTAL ESTIMATED SPECIES (knowledge-gap) |
|
Mircea-Dan Mitroiu | 5 | 5 | |
|
Yvan Barbier | 5 | 5 | |
|
Andrew Polaszek | 193 | ||
|
Andrew Polaszek | 2066 | ||
|
Michael Madl | 11 | ||
|
Andrew Polaszek | 226 | ||
|
Guido Pagliano | 5 | ||
|
Andrew Polaszek | 102 | ||
|
Lucian Fusu | 93 | 99 | |
|
Oliver Niehuis / Paolo Rosa & Villu Soon | 483 | 486 | 550-600 * |
|
Yvan Barbier | 664 | 664 | |
|
Fredrik Ronquist & Mattias Forshage | 339 | 365 | |
|
Norman Johnson | 781 | ||
|
Massimo Olmi | 107 | 114 | |
|
Massimo Olmi | 4 | 5 | |
|
Lucian Fusu | 769 | 769 | |
|
Mircea-Dan Mitroiu | 15 | 15 | |
|
Mircea-Dan Mitroiu | 1193 | 1193 | |
|
Lucian Fusu | 105 | 118 | |
|
Mircea-Dan Mitroiu | 352 | 353 | |
|
Michael Madl | 5 | ||
|
Fredrik Ronquist & Mattias Forshage | 425 | 440 | |
|
Alexander Radchenko | 637 | ||
|
Michael Madl | 30 | ||
|
Norman Johnson | 4 | ||
|
Yvan Barbier | 1 | 1 | |
|
Fredrik Ronquist & Mattias Forshage | 3 | 3 | |
|
Lucian Fusu | 8 | 8 | |
|
Andrew Polaszek | 140 | ||
|
Aleksandar Cetkovic & Guido Nonveiller | 154 | 154 | |
|
Lucian Fusu | 457 | 457 | |
|
Lucian Fusu | 1 | 1 | |
|
Mircea-Dan Mitroiu | 25 | 25 | |
|
Mircea-Dan Mitroiu | 67 | 67 | |
|
Norman Johnson | 518 | ||
|
Raymond Wahis | 284 | ||
|
Norman Johnson | 59 | ||
|
Mircea-Dan Mitroiu | 1389 | 1391 | |
|
Josef Gusenleitner | 10 | 10 | |
|
Norman Johnson | 587 | ||
|
Massimo Olmi | 5 | 5 | |
|
Till Osten | 22 | ||
|
Lucian Fusu | 10 | 11 | |
|
Yvan Barbier | 58 | 58 | |
|
Michael Madl | 2 | ||
|
Mircea-Dan Mitroiu | 11 | 11 | |
|
Mario Boni Bartalucci | 37 | ||
|
Petr Jansta | 326 | ||
|
Lucian Fusu | 147 | 147 | |
|
Michael Madl | 1 | ||
|
Norman Johnson | 1 | ||
|
Josef Gusenleitner | 269 | 271 |
Fauna Europaea
FAMILY NAME | EXPERTS VERSIONS 1 & 2 (current) | Comment |
Yvan Barbier | active | |
|
Mario Boni Bartalucci | active |
|
Aleksandar Cetkovic & Guido Nonveiller | active |
John Noyes (v.1), Lucian Fusu | active | |
Josef Gusenleitner | active | |
|
John Noyes (v.1), Petr Jansta | active |
Norman Johnson | active | |
Michael Madl | active | |
John Noyes (v.1), Mircea-Dan Mitroiu | active | |
Massimo Olmi | active | |
|
Till Osten ( |
deceased |
|
Guido Pagliano | active |
John Noyes ( |
active | |
|
Alexander Radchenko | active |
Fredrik Ronquist, Mattias Forshage | active | |
|
Oliver Niehuis (v.1), Paolo Rosa & Villu Soon | active |
|
Raymond Wahis | active |