Faunistic diversity of spiders (Araneae) in Galichitsa mountain (FYR Macedonia)

Christo Deltshev; Marjan Komnenov; Gergin Blagoev; Teodor Georgiev; Stoyan Lazarov; Emilija Stojkoska; Maria Naumova

doi:10.3897/BDJ.1.e977

Biodiversity Data Journal : Taxonomic paper

Taxonomic paper

Faunistic diversity of spiders (Araneae) in Galichitsa mountain (FYR Macedonia)

Christo Deltshev^†, Marjan Komnenov^‡, Gergin Blagoev^§, Teodor Georgiev^|, Stoyan Lazarov^¶, Emilija Stojkoska^‡, Maria Naumova^†

† Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

‡ Macedonian Museum of Natural History, Skopje, Macedonia

§ Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada

| Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, Bulgaria

¶ National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

Corresponding author: Christo Deltshev (deltshev@gmail.com)

Academic editor: Jeremy Miller

Received: 01 Aug 2013 | Accepted: 05 Sep 2013 | Published: 16 Sep 2013

© 2013 Christo Deltshev, Marjan Komnenov, Gergin Blagoev, Teodor Georgiev, Stoyan Lazarov, Emilija Stojkoska, Maria Naumova.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC-BY) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Citation: Deltshev C, Komnenov M, Blagoev G, Georgiev T, Lazarov S, Stojkoska E, Naumova M (2013) Faunistic Diversity of Spiders (Araneae) in Galichitsa Mountain (FYR Macedonia). Biodiversity Data Journal 1: e977. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.1.e977

Abstract

A total of 294 species from 31 families have been found in Galichitsa Mt. Of them, 85 species are new to the mountain, while 20 are also new to the fauna of FYR of Macedonia. According to their current distribution the established species can be assigned to 17 zoogeographical categories, grouped into 5 complexes (Cosmopolitan, Holarctic, European, Mediterranean, Endemics of Balkans). Dominant are Holarctic species (66.0%) followed by European (16.5%) and Mediterranean (9.3%). The endemics (6.2%) and Southeast European species (1.7%) emphasize the local character of this fauna, but its low percentage suggests an important process of colonization.

Keywords

Spiders, taxonomy, faunistic, zoogeography, Galichitsa Mt.

Introduction

Galichitsa Mt is situated between the lakes Ohrid and Prespa. It is a long, narrow mountain, extending in a North-South direction, continuing in Albania Southwardly. The side of the mountain facing Ohrid Lake is steep, rocky and to a great extent bare, thus resembling the mountains of the Dinaric Alps. This, and the presence of associated dry valleys, makes this part of Galichitsa difficult to access. The opposite, eastern side of Galichitsa, however, is quite different, with slant slopes completely overgrown with forests that go down to the Prespa Valley. Regarding its morphogenesis, the origin of Galichitsa is related to radial tectonic movements that took place in the Tertiary period, when this mountain massif actually developed. The geological structure is mainly limestone. Erosion of the karstic material has left deep traces in the rock, forming all kinds of relief: crevices, hollows, depressions and karstic fields. From a geological standpoint, the island “Golem Grad” situated in Lake Prespa, also belongs to the Galichitsa Mountain, which was split in the past by tectonic movements (Reed et al. 2004) (Figs 1, 2, 3).

Figure 1.

Galichitsa Mt, landscape view.

Figure 2.

Galichitsa Mt, karst forms.

Figure 3.

Golem Grad Island, a part of Galichitsa Mt.

The first reports for the spider fauna of Galichitsa Mt. came from Drensky (1929), Drensky (1936) and Stojićević (1929). This information was summarized later by Drensky (1936), who reported 83 species. Additional data can be found again in the papers of Šilhavý (1944), Nikolić and Polenec (1981), Deeleman-Reinhold and Deeleman (1988), Deltshev et al. (2000), Lazarov (2004), Wunderlich (1973) and Wunderlich (1985). All these data are summarized by Blagoev (2002). The aim of this study is to present a review of the spider fauna of Galichitsa Mt. due to critical incorporation of available literature data and unpublished faunistic records carried out by sporadic research in the last 10 years.

Materials and methods

The spider material treated herein comes from two major sources. The first part comprises critical incorporation of all available literature records concerning the distribution of spiders of Galichitsa Mt. The second part comprises original collections made in the last 10 years during field surveys covering most of the territory of the mountain (Fig. 4, Table 1). The spiders have been collected mainly by hand, under stones, by sweeping and sewing (Figs 5, 6, 7). The names of the collectors: P. Beron (P.B.), G. Blagoev (G.B.), C. Deltshev (C.D.), M. Komnenov (M.K.), S. Lazarov (S.L.), B. Petrov (B.P.), E. Stojkoska (E.S.). and D. Vidincheva (D.V.) are mentioned by their abbreviations in Table 1. The taxonomic arrangements of the species list follow Platnick (2013). The material is deposited in the Natural History Museum (Skopje) and National Museum of Natural History (Sofia).

Table 1. Download as CSV

List of the localities where spiders have been collected in Galichitsa Mts.

#	Locality	Date	Altitude (in meters)	Published or legator
1	Bugarska Chuka peak	19.6.2008	1801	C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
2	Crvena Lokva	18.6.2008	1620	C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
3	Dzhafa pool	18.6.2008	1650	C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
4	Galichitsa Mt	26.10.1992	600-1800	D. Vidincheva
5	Galichitsa NP		1100-1400	Deeleman-Reinhold and Deeleman 1988
6	Golem Grad island	20.6.2008	860	C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
7	Lagadin, Ohrid			Deltshev et al. 2000
8	Leskovska Peshtera cave, Leskovec vill (distr. Ohrid)	18.6.2008	1066	C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
9	Mechkina Dupka cave	20.6.2008	1020	C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov (Šilhavý 1944);
10	Ohrid	30.8.2002	748	Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936; Stojićević 1929; Wunderlich 1973, Wunderlich 1985; G. Blagoev & C. Deltshev
11	Ohrid – Prespa lake			Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936
12	Otechevo		910	Deeleman-Reinhold and Deeleman 1988
13	Peshtani vill. (district Ohrid)	31.8.2005	719	C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska
14	Petrinska planina (district Resen)			Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936
15	Preseka	30.8.2005	1603	Lazarov 2004; C. Deltshev, G. Blagoev & E. Stojkoska; C. Deltshev & S. Lazarov
16	Resen	30.8.2002	1000	Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936; G. Blagoev & C. Deltshev
17	Resen - Ohrid			Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936; Deeleman-Reinhold & Deeleman
18	Road to Bugarska Chuka peak	19.6.2008	1509	C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
19	Samatska Peshtera cave	20.6.2008	1436	C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
20	Simoncheska lokva	18.6.2008	1680	C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
21	Stenje vill, Stenjsko Blato bog (distr. Ohrid)	17.6.2008	858	C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
22	Studenchitsa	30.8.2002	690	G. Blagoev & C. Deltshev
23	Sveti Stefan (distr. Ohrid)	31.8.2005	680	C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska
24	Tomoros peak	22.6.2008	1830	C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
25	Trapejca vill., cave	9.12.2010	940	C. Deltshev, M. Komnenov & E. Stojkoska
26	Vojla cave	20.6.2008	1508	C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
27	Zhichara	20.6.2008	1515	C. Deltshev & S. Lazarov; C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Figure 4.

Map of the localities where the spiders have been collected in Galichitsa Mt.

Figure 5.

Sampling site at Crvena lokva.

Figure 6.

Sampling site at Dzhafa pool.

Figure 7.

Sampling site at Leskovska Pestera Cave.

Checklist of the spiders in Galichitsa Mts

Family ATYPIDAE

Atypus afinis Eichwald, 1830

Distribution:

West Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family SCYTODIDAE

Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Peshtani vill.; verbatimElevation: 719 m; eventDate: 31-08-2005; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., vill. Konjsko, Golem Grad island; verbatimElevation: 855 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family PHOLCIDAE

Holocnemus pluchei (Scopoli, 1763)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Peshtani vill.; verbatimElevation: 719 m; eventDate: 31-08-2005; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Mediterranean.

Notes:

First record for NP Galitshitsa

Pholcus opilionoides (Schrank, 1781)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775)

Distribution:

Cosmopolitan.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Spermophora senoculata (Duges, 1836)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Peshtani vill.; verbatimElevation: 719 m; eventDate: 31-08-2005; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family SEGESTRIIDAE

Segestria bavarica C.L. Koch, 1843

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Resen; verbatimElevation: 1000 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

First rcord in Galichitsa Mt.

Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Tomoros peak; verbatimElevation: 1830 m; eventDate: 22-06-2008; sex: 5 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Family DYSDERIDAE

Dysdera erythrina (Welckenaer, 1802)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Dysdera pectinata Deleman-Reinhold, 1988

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Deeleman-Reinhold and Deeleman 1988)

Dysdera longirostris Doblika, 1853

Distribution:

East European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Galichitsa NP (Otechevo) (Deeleman-Reinhold and Deeleman 1988).

Dysderocrates storkani (Kratochvil, 1935)

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Galichitsa NP (1100 – 1400) (Deeleman-Reinhold and Deeleman 1988).

Harpactea lepida (C. L. Koch, 1838)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family MIMETIDAE

Ero cambridgei Kulczyn’ski, 1911

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Family ULOBORIDAE

Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family NESTICIDAE

Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck, 1757)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Leskovec vill., Leskovska Peshtera cave; verbatimElevation: 1066 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 2 males, 3 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Family THERIDIIDAE

Asagena phalerata (Panzer, 1801)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Crustulina guttata (Wider, 1834)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Peshtani vill; verbatimElevation: 719 m; eventDate: 31-08-2005; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Crustulina scabripes Simon, 1881

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 2 females, 1 juv.; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Mediterranean.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Crustulina sticta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Peshtani vill.; verbatimElevation: 719 m; eventDate: 31-08-2005; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Prespa lake, village Konjsko, Golem Grad island; verbatimElevation: 842 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Enoplognatha latimana Hippa & Oksala, 1982

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Preseka; verbatimElevation: 1603 m; eventDate: 30-08-2005

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn, 1833)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Euryopis episinoides (Walckenaer, 1847)

Distribution:

Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Euryopis quinqueguttata Thorell, 1875

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Heterotheridion nigrovariegatum (Simon, 1873)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid and uspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Lasaeola tristis (Hahn, 1833)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Simoncheska Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1680 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Neottiura bimaculata (Linnaeus, 1767)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality betweenResen - Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Parasteatoda lunata (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality betweenResen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841)

Distribution:

Cosmopolitan.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Phylloneta impressa (L. Koch, 1881)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Crvena Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1620 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Simoncheska Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1680 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 2 males; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Phylloneta sisyphia (Clerk, 1757)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Simoncheska Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1680 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Platnickina tincta (Walckenaer, 1802)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Simitidion simile (C. L. Koch, 1836)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Studenchitsa; verbatimElevation: 690 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Steatoda meridionalis (Kulczyński, 1894)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

East European.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Steatoda paykulliana (Walckenaer, 1805)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., vill. Stenje, Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

West Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Peshtani vill.; verbatimElevation: 719 m; eventDate: 31-08-2005; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Prespa lake, vill. Konjsko, Golem Grad island; verbatimElevation: 842 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Cosmopolitan.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Theridion melanurum Hahn, 1831

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family LINYPHIIDAE

Areoncus humilis (Blackwall, 1841)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Centromerus acutidentatus Deltshev, 2002

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Vojla cave; verbatimElevation: 1508 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Centromerus sp.

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Vojla cave; verbatimElevation: 1508 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Crosbyarachne silvestris (Georgescu, 1973)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Middle and Southeast European.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Diplocephalus cristatus (Blackwall, 1833)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Zhichara; verbatimElevation: 1515 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Erigone dentipalpis (Wider, 1834)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Frontinellina frutetorum (C. L. Koch, 1834)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Crvena Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1620 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Studenchitsa; verbatimElevation: 690 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Simoncheska Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1680 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 4 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Gongilidium rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Incestophantes crucifer (Menge, 1866)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Improphantes decolor (Westring, 1861)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Zhichara; verbatimElevation: 1515 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

West Palearctic.

Notes:

First record for FYR of Macedonia.

Ipa keyserlingi (Ausserer, 1867)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Lepthyphantes centromeroides Kulczyński, 1914

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Vojla cave; verbatimElevation: 1508 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Lephthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 1865)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Leskovec vill., Leskovska Peshtera cave; verbatimElevation: 1066 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Linyphia hortensis Sundevall, 1830

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936, Stojićević 1929).

Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Studenchitsa; verbatimElevation: 690 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 30-08-2005; sex: 1 male, 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Micrargus herbigradus (Blackwall, 1854)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., road to Bugarska Chuka peak; verbatimElevation: 1509 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Microneta viaria (Blackwall, 1841)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Resen; verbatimElevation: 1000 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Meioneta rurestris (C. L. Koch, 1836)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Megalepthyphantes collinus (L. Koch, 1892)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., vill. Stenje, Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 30-08-2005; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Megalepthyphantes nebulosus (Sundevall, 1830)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Studenchitsa; verbatimElevation: 690 m; eventDate: 01-09-2005; sex: 2 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Microlinyphia pusilla (Sundevall, 1830)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Microneta viaria (Blackwall, 1841)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., road to Bugarska Chuka peak; verbatimElevation: 1509 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Neriene clathrata (Sundeval, 1830)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Neriene montana (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević, 1929).

Neriene peltata (Wider, 1854)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Notioscopus sarcinatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Oedothorax fuscus (Blackwall, 1841)

Distribution:

West Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Palliduphantes byzantinus (Fage, 1931)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Mechkina Dupka cave; verbatimElevation: 1020 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Palliduphantes spelaeorum (Kulczyński, 1914)

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Palliduphantes trnovensis (Drensky, 1931)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Leskovec vill., Leskovska Peshtera cave; verbatimElevation: 1066 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 2 males, 1 female, 2 juv.; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Pocadicnemis juncea Locket & Millidge, 1953

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Porrhomma pygmaeum (Blackwall, 1834)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Prinerigone vagans (Audouin, 1826)

Distribution:

Subcosmopolitan.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Tallusia experta (O.P.-Cambridge, 1871)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Tapinocyba biscissa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., road to Bugarska Chuka peak; verbatimElevation: 1509 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Tenuiphantes floriana (van Helsdingen, 1977)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Southeast European.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Tenuiphantes tenuis (Blackwall, 1852)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., vill. Stenje, Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

West Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Trichoncus affinis Kulczyn’ski, 1894

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Deltshev et al. 2000, Drensky 1929).

Troglohyphantes dalmaticus (Kulczyn’ski, 1914)

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Walckenaeria nudipalpis (Westring, 1851)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Family TETRAGNATHIDAE

Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Vojla cave; verbatimElevation: 1508 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Samatska Peshtera cave; verbatimElevation: 1436 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female, 1 juv.; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt. (Fig. 8).

Figure 8.

Meta menardi, a characteristic cave dweller.

Metellina mengei (Blackwall, 1869)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Mettelina segmentata (Clerck, 1757)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Studenchitsa; verbatimElevation: 690 m; eventDate: 01-08-2005; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pachygnatha clerckoides Wunderlich, 1985

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Wunderlich 1985).

Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall, 1830

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Tetragnatha montana Simon, 1874

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Tetragnatha nitens (Audouin, 1826)

Distribution:

Cosmopolitan.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Tetragnatha obtusa C. L. Koch, 1837

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Tetragnatha pinicola L. Koch, 1870

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Tomoros peak; verbatimElevation: 1830 m; eventDate: 22-06-2008; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Family ARANEIDAE

Agalenatea redii (Scopoli, 1763)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Studenchitsa; verbatimElevation: 690 m; eventDate: 01-08-2005; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Unspecified locality between Ohrid - Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936, Stojićević 1929).

Aculepeira ceropegia (Walckenaer, 1802)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Tomoros peak; verbatimElevation: 1830 m; eventDate: 22-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Araneus circe (Audouin, 1826)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Studenchitsa; verbatimElevation: 690 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Araneus grossus (C. L. Koch, 1844)

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Araneus marmoreus Clerck, 1757

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Araneus quadratus Clerck, 1757

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Araneus triguttatus (Fabricius, 1793)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Araniella cucurbitina (Clerck, 1757)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Cyclosa conica (Pallas, 1772)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Gibbaranea bituberculata (Walck,, 1802)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Leskovec, Leskovska Peshtera cave; verbatimElevation: 1066 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Gibbaranea omoeda (Thorell, 1870)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Hypsosinga heri (Hahn, 1831)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Hipsosinga pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Larinioides ixobolus (Thorell, 1873)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid - Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Larinioides patagiatus (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Larrinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Larrinioides sclopetarius (Clerck, 1757)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Tomoros peak; verbatimElevation: 01-03-05; eventDate: 22-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Larinioides suspicax (O. P. Cambridge, 1876)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Tomoros peak; verbatimElevation: 1830 m; eventDate: 22-06-2008; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Neoscona adianta (Walckenaer, 1802)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid and unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936, Stojićević 1929).

Nuctenea silvicultrix (C.L.Koch, 1835)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid; verbatimElevation: 748 m; eventDate: 31-08-2005; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Nuctenea umbratica Clerck, 1757

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 3 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Singa nitidula C. L. Koch, 1844

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Zilla diodia (Walckenaer, 1802)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Family LYCOSIDAE

Alopecosa accentuata (Latreille, 1817)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck, 1757)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Simoncheska Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1680 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Alopecosa albofasciata (Brullé, 1832)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Alopecosa cuneata (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Alopecosa inquilina (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Alopecosa mariae (Dahl, 1908)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Tomoros peak; verbatimElevation: 1830 m; eventDate: 22-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Galichitsa, Preseka, 1600 m (Lazarov 2004).

Alopecosa pulverulenta (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously reciorded from Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Alopecosa simoni (Thorell, 1872)

Distribution:

Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Alopecosa sulzeri (Pavesi, 1873)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936)

Alopecosa trabalis (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Arctosa leopardus (Sundevall, 1833)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Arctosa maculata (Hahn, 1822)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Arctosa perita (Latreille, 1799)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Aulonia albimana (Walckenaer, 1805)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Lycosa tarantula (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution:

North Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pardosa agrestis (Westring, 1861)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pardosa agricola (Thorell, 1856)

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Pardosa albatula (Roewer, 1951)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 3 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pardosa atomaria (C. L. Koch, 1847)

Distribution:

Northeast Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936, Nikolić and Polenec 1981).

Pardosa blanda (C. L. Koch, 1833)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Preseka (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936, Nikolić and Polenec 1981).

Pardosa hortensis (Thorell, 1872)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Pardosa lugubris (Walckenaer, 1802)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pardosa monticola (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936)

Pardosa riparia (C. L. Koch, 1833)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Pardosa paludicola (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Stojićević 1929).

Pardosa palustris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pardosa prativaga (L. Koch, 1870)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Pardosa pullata (Clerck, 1757)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pardosa vittata (Keyserling, 1863)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pirata knorri (Scopoli, 1763)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pirata latitans (Blackwall, 1841)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Pirata piscatorius (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Trochosa hispanica Simon, 1870

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Mediterranean.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Trochosa ruricola (De Geer, 1778)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Trochosa terricola Thorell, 1856

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Xerolycosa nemoralis (Westring, 1861)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family PISAURIDAE

Dolomedes fimbriatus (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Crvena Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1620 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 juv.; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Family OXYOPIDAE

Oxyopes heterophthalmus (Latreille, 1804)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Tomoros peak; verbatimElevation: 1830 m; eventDate: 22-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., vill. Leskovec, Leskovska Peshtera cave; verbatimElevation: 1066 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Oxyopes lineatus Latreille, 1806

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Tomoros peak; verbatimElevation: 1830 m; eventDate: 22-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family ZORIDAE

Zora prespaensis Drenski, 1929

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Galichitsa endemic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Prespa Lake, Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936)

Family AGELENIDAE

Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Preseka: (Lazarov 2004).

Allagelena gracilens C.L. Koch, 1841

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Studenchitsa; verbatimElevation: 695 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev

Distribution:

Mediterrano-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Inermocoelotes falciger Kulczyński, 1897

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Southeast European.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Inermocoelotes karlinskii (Kulczynski, 1906)

Distribution:

Southeast European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Malthonica campestris C. L. Koch, 1834

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Malthonica ferruginea (Panzer, 1804)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Sv. Stefan; verbatimElevation: 680 m; eventDate: 31-08-2005; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Malthonica nemorosa Simon, 1916

Distribution:

North Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previuosly recorded from Ohrid, Lagadin (Deltshev et al. 2000).

Malthonica silvestris C. L. Koch, 1872

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Tegenaria atrica C. L. Koch, 1843

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Golem Grad island; verbatimElevation: 842 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev, M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Trpejca vill, cave; verbatimElevation: 940 m; eventDate: 09-12-10; sex: 2 juv; recordedBy: C. Deltshev, M. Komnenov, E. Stojkoska

Distribution:

Cosmopolitan.

Tegenaria paragamiani Deltshev, 2008

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Mechkina Dupka cave; verbatimElevation: 1020 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Tegenaria parietina (Fourcroy, 1785)

Distribution:

West Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Tegenaria regispyrrhi Brignoli, 1976

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Tomoros Peak; verbatimElevation: 1830 m; eventDate: 22-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Family CYBAEIDAE

Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Cybaeus angustiarum L. Koch, 1868

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family DICTYNIDAE

Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus, 1758)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 30-08-2005; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936, Stojićević 1929).

Dictyna civica (Lucas, 1850)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Sv. Stefan; verbatimElevation: 680 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Dictyna latens (Fabricius, 1775)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 3 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Dictyna pusilla Thorell, 1856

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Dictyna uncinata Thorell, 1856

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Dictyna vicina Simon, 1873

Distribution:

Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family AMAUROBIIDAE

Amaurobius fenestralis (Ström, 1768)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Amaurobius pallidus L. Koch, 1868

Distribution:

Southeast European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family TITANOECIDAE

Nurscia albomaculata (Lucas, 1846)

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family MITURGIDAE

Cheiracanthium elegans Thorell, 1875

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Tomoros peak; verbatimElevation: 1830 m; eventDate: 22-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Zhichara; verbatimElevation: 1515 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936)

Cheiracanthium ienisteai Stergiu, 1985

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., vill. Stenje, Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Southeast European.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Cheiracanthium erraticum (Walckenaer, 1802)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, 1864

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Cheiracanthium macedonicum Drenski, 1921

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Cheiracanthium seidlitzi L. Koch, 1864

Distribution:

Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family LIOCRANIDAE

Agroeca cuprea Menge, 1873

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Liocranoecea striata Kulczyński, 1882

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Peshtani vill.; verbatimElevation: 719 m; eventDate: 30-08-2005; sex: 1 female
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill.; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 31-08-2005; sex: 1 female

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Sagana rutilans (Thorell, 1875)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family CLUBIONIDAE

Clubiona brevipes Blackwall, 1841

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Clubiona comta C. L. Koch, 1839

Distribution:

West Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Clubiona genevensis L. Koch, 1866

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Otechevo; verbatimElevation: 1609-1650 m; eventDate: 01-05-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: B. Petrov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record for FYR Macedonia.

Clubiona hilaris Simon, 1878

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Clubiona marmorata L. Koch, 1866

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Clubiona neglecta O. P. Cambridge, 1862

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Clubiona pallidula (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family CORINNIDAE

Cetonana laticeps (Canestrini, 1868)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Lagadin (Deltshev et al. 2000).

Order Araneae

Phrurolithus corsicus (Simon, 1878)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Phrurulitus festivus (C. L. Koch, 1835)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid; verbatimElevation: 1050 m; eventDate: 18-05-1993; recordedBy: P. Beron

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recotded from Preseka (Lazarov 2004).

Phrurolithus pullatus Kulczyński, 1897

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Phrurolithus szilyi Herman, 1879

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Family ZODARIIDAE

Zodarion gallicum (Simon, 1873)

Distribution:

North Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Zodarion italicum (Canestrini, 1868)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Zodarion ohridense Wunderlich, 1973

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Studenchitsa; verbatimElevation: 690 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Zhichara; verbatimElevation: 1515 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

Previously ecorded from Ohrid (Wunderlich 1973).

Family GNAPHOSIDAE

Callilepis nocturna (Linnaeus, 1758)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Zhichara; verbatimElevation: 1515 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Studenchtsa (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Callilepis schuszteri (Herman, 1879)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Simoncheska Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1680 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Bugarska Chuka Peak; verbatimElevation: 1797 m; eventDate: 19-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Resen; verbatimElevation: 1000 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Resen and Ohrid, Srudenchitsa (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936, Stojićević 1929).

Drassodes pubescens (Thorell, 1856)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Preseka (Lazarov 2004).

Drassyllus praeficus (L. Koch, 1866)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Bugarska Chuka Peak; verbatimElevation: 1797 m; eventDate: 19-06-2008; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Drassyllus villicus (Thorell, 1875)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Gnaphosa bicolor (Hahn, 1833)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Simoncheska Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1680 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Galichitsa Mt (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Gnaphosa dolosa Herman, 1879

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Gnaphosa tetrica Simon, 1878

Distribution:

North Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1936, Drensky 1929).

Gnaphosa lucifuga (Wilckenaer, 1802)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Preseka (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936, Lazarov 2004).

Gnaphosa montana (L. Koch, 1866)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Haplodrassus signifer (C. L. Koch, 1839)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Galichitsa Mt (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Micaria albovittata (Lucas, 1846)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Simoncheska Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1680 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Nomisia aussereri (C. L. Koch, 1872)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 30-08-2005; sex: 4 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Nomisia exornata (C.L. Koch, 1839)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Resen; verbatimElevation: 1000 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Scotophaeus scutulatus (L. Koch, 1866)

Distribution:

West Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Petrinska planina, Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Setaphis carmeli (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)

Distribution:

Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Drensky 1929).

Trachyzelotes pedestris (C. L. Koch, 1837)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Zelotes apricorum (L. Koch, 1876)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Resen; verbatimElevation: 1000 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Zelotes babunaensis (Drensky, 1829)

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Zelotes caucasius (L. Koch, 1866)

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936, Stojićević 1929).

Zelotes clivicola (L. Koch, 1870)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Zelotes gracilis (Canestini, 1868)

Distribution:

Middle and Southeast European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Zelotes manius (Simon, 1878)

Distribution:

East European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Zelotes oblongus (C.L. Koch, 1833)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Peshtani vill.; verbatimElevation: 719 m; eventDate: 31-08-2005; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Resen; verbatimElevation: 1000 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev

Distribution:

South European.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Zelotes petrensis (C. L. Koch, 1839)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., vill. Stenje, Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 30-08-2005; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Zelotes similis (Kulczyński, 1887)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Bugarska Chuka Peak; verbatimElevation: 1797 m; eventDate: 19-06-2008; sex: 3 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Zhichara; verbatimElevation: 1515 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Zelotes subterraneus (C.L. Koch, 1833)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Zelotes talpinus (C.L. Koch, 1872)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Bugarska Chuka peak; verbatimElevation: 1797 m; eventDate: 19-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Zelotes vespertinus (Thorell, 1875)

Distribution:

North Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family SPARASSIDAE

Micromata virescens (Clerck, 1757)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Zhichara; verbatimElevation: 1500 m; eventDate: 30-08-2005; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Family PHILODROMIDAE

Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Leskovec vill.; verbatimElevation: 1066 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 5 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Philodromus laricium Simon, 1875

Distribution:

North Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Philodromus margaritatus (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Philodromus poecilus (Thorell, 1872)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Philodromus praedatus O.P.-Cambridge, 1871

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Thanatus arenarius L. Koch, 1872

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Thanatus atratus Simon, 1875

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Drensky 1929).

Thanatus lineatipes Simon, 1870

Distribution:

Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Thanatus vulgaris Simon, 1870

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Resen; verbatimElevation: 1000 m; eventDate: 30-08-2002; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & G. Blagoev

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded for Galichitsa Mt from Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936)

Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

North Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929).

Tibellus macellus Simon, 1875

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Family THOMISIDAE

Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Galichitsa Mt. (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Heriaeus melloteei Simon, 1884

Materials Download as CSV

country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Bugarska Chuka Peak; verbatimElevation: 1797 m; eventDate: 19-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Simoncheska Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1680 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Holarctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Ohrid, Studenchitsa; verbatimElevation: 690 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 2 females; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936, Šilhavý 1944).

Oxyptila trux (Blackwall, 1864)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Stenje vill., Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 3 males; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Tomoros peak; verbatimElevation: 1830 m; eventDate: 22-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Deltshev et al. 2000, Šilhavý 1944).

Tmarus piochardi (Simon, 1866)

Distribution:

Mediterranean.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid, Studenchitsa (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Resen (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Xysticus erraticus (Blackwall, 1834)

Distribution:

European.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Xysticus gallicus Simon, 1875

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Zhichara; verbatimElevation: 1515 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Xysticus kempeleni Thorell, 1872

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Xysticus kochi Thorell, 1872

Distribution:

West Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Xysticus lanio C.L. Koch, 1835

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Xysticus macedonicus Šilhavý, 1944

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Tomoros peak; verbatimElevation: 1830 m; eventDate: 22-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Xysticus robustus (Hahn, 1832)

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Xysticus tenebrosus Šilhavý, 1944

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Golem Grad island; verbatimElevation: 842 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Northeast Mediterranean.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt. (Fig. 9).

Figure 9.

Xysticus tenebrosus, typical for the Golem Grad Island.

Xysticus tenebrosus subsp. ohridensis Šilhavý, 1944

Distribution:

Galichitsa endemic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Šilhavý 1944).

Family SALTICIDAE

Evarcha arcuata (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Ohrid and Prespa Lake (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Evarcha falcata (Clerck, 1757)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Evarcha laetabunda (C. L. Koch, 1846)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previosly recorded from Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Euophrys frontalis (Walckenaer, 1802)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Bugarska Chuka Peak; verbatimElevation: 1797 m; eventDate: 19-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Euophrys rufibarbis (Simon, 1868)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Otechevo; verbatimElevation: 1609-1650 m; eventDate: 01-05-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: B. Petrov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Heliophanus auratus C. L. Koch, 1835

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Bugarska Chuka Peak; verbatimElevation: 1797 m; eventDate: 19-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Heliophanus cupreus (Welckenaer, 1802)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Heliophanus flavipes (Hahn, 1832)

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Unspecified locality between Resen and Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936, Stojićević 1929).

Heliophanus kochii Simon, 1868

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Simoncheska Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1680 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Heliophanus lineiventris Simon, 1868

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Simoncheska Lokva pool; verbatimElevation: 1680 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Heliophanus melinus L. Koch, 1867

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Zhichara; verbatimElevation: 1515 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 male, 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Macaroeris flavicomis (Simon, 1884)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Golem Grad island; verbatimElevation: 842 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Northeast Mediterranean.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Mendoza canestrinii (Ninni, 1868)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., vill. Stenje, Stenjsko Blato bog; verbatimElevation: 850 m; eventDate: 18-06-2008; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Menemerus semilimbatus (Hahn, 1829)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Peshtani vill.; verbatimElevation: 719 m; eventDate: 31-08-2005; sex: 1 male; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & E. Stojkoska

Distribution:

Mediterranean.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Myrmarachne formicaria (De Geer, 1778)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Pellenes moreanus Metzner, 1999

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Dzhafa pool; verbatimElevation: 1650 m; eventDate: 17-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov
country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Zhichara; verbatimElevation: 1515 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Balkan endemic.

Notes:

First record in FYR of Macedonia.

Philaeus chrysops (Poda, 1761)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Bugarska Chuka Peak; verbatimElevation: 1797 m; eventDate: 19-06-2008; sex: 2 males, 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Preseka (Lazarov 2004).

Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Zhichara; verbatimElevation: 1797 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from unspecified locality between Resen – Ohrid (Drensky 1929, Drensky 1936).

Pseudeuophrys obsoleta (Simon, 1868)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt., Zhichara; verbatimElevation: 1515 m; eventDate: 20-06-2008; sex: 1 female; recordedBy: C. Deltshev & M. Komnenov

Distribution:

Europeo-Central Asiatic.

Notes:

First record in Galichitsa Mt.

Salticus zebraneus (C. L. Koch, 1837)

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country: FYR of Macedonia; locality: Galichitsa Mt.; verbatimElevation: 600-1800 m; eventDate: 26-10-1992; recordedBy: D. Vidincheva

Distribution:

Palearctic.

Notes:

Previously recorded from Ohrid (Stojićević 1929).

Analysis

Species composition

A total of 294 species of spiders from 31 families have been found in Galichitsa Mt. New for the mountain are 85 species, 20 of them are also new to the spider fauna of FYR of Macedonia. High species richness was recorded for 5 of the families: Linyphiidae – 40 species, Lycosidae – 37 species, Gnaphosidae – 31 species, Araneidae – 27, and Theridiidae – 24 species (Table 2). The degree of exploration of the group in the mountain is about 60%. The number of the species of Galichitsa Mt is high and represents about 45% of the spider fauna of the country (Blagoev 2002). This is also evident from a comparison with the number of spiders reported from the other mountains in the Balkan Peninsula: West Rhodopes – 418 (38%) Deltshev et al. 2011), Pirin – 324 (30%) (Deltshev and Blagoev 1997), Rila – 280 (26%) (Deltshev et al. 2000a), Central Stara Planina – 270 (25%) (Deltshev et al. 2000b).

Table 2. Download as CSV

Family composition of the spiders of Galichitsa Mt.

	Family	Species number	%
1	Atypidae	1	0.3
2	Scytodidae	1	0.3
3	Pholcidae	4	1.4
4	Segestriidae	2	0.7
5	Dysderidae	5	2
6	Mimetidae	1	0.3
7	Uloboridae	1	0.3
8	Nesticidae	1	0.3
9	Theridiidae	24	8.5
10	Linyphiidae	40	12.7
11	Tetragnathidae	12	4
12	Araneidae	27	9.2
13	Lycosidae	37	12.7
14	Pisauridae	2	0.7
15	Oxyopidae	2	0.7
16	Zoriidae	1	0.3
17	Agelenidae	13	4
18	Cybaeidae	2	0.7
19	Dictynidae	6	2.1
20	Amaurobiidae	2	0.7
21	Titanoecidae	1	0.3
22	Miturgidae	6	2.1
23	Liocranidae	4	1.4
24	Clubionidae	7	2.4
25	Corinidae	5	1.7
26	Zodariidae	3	1
27	Gnaphosidae	31	10.2
28	Sparassidae	1	0.3
29	Philodromidae	13	4.5
30	Thomisidae	19	6.8
31	Salticidae	20	6.8
	Total:	294	100%

Zoogeographical analysis

According to their current distribution the established 294 species can be classified into 16 zoogeographic categories, grouped into 5 chorological complexes (Cosmopolitan; Holarctic; European; Mediterranean; Endemic) (Table 3, Fig. 10). The data concerning the general distribution and the chorological characteristics of spiders are taken from Helsdingen (2012), Platnick (2013) and Taglianti et al. (1999).

Table 3. Download as CSV

Chorological complexes and zoogeographical categories of Galichitsa Mt Spiders. The chorotypes are abbreviated as follows: COS – Cosmopolitan; SCO – Subcosmopolitan; H – Holarctic; P – Palearctic; WP – West-Palearctic; ECA – European-Central Asiatic; E – European; MSEE – Middle-Southeast European; EE – East European; SEE – Southeast European; MCA – Mediterranean-central Asiatic; MED – Mediterranean; SEU – South European; NME – North Mediterranean; NEM – Northeast Mediterranean; BALK – Balkan endemics; GE – Rhodopean endemics.

COMPLEX	CHOROTYPE		SPECIES
COMPLEX	Category	Code	Number	%
Cosmopolitic	Cosmopolitan	COS	5	1.7
	Subcosmopolitan	SCO	1	0.3
	Total		6	2.0
Holarctic	Holarctic	H	44	15
	Palearctic	P	125	42.5
	West Palearctic	WP	9	3.1
	Europeo-Central Asiatic	ECA	18	6.1
	Total		196	66.7
European	European	E	39	13.3
	Middle and Southeast European	MSEE	2	0.7
	East European	EE	3	1
	Southeast European	SEE	5	1.7
	Total		49	16.7
Mediterranean	Mediterrano-Central Asiatic	MCA	1	0.3
	Mediterranean	MED	12	4
	South European	SEU	1	0.3
	North Mediterranean	NME	7	2.4
	Northeast Mediterranean	NEM	3	1
	Total		24	8
Endemics	Balkan endemics	BALK	16	5.5
	Galichitsa endemics	GE	2	0.7
	Total		18	6.2

Figure 10.

Distribution of the spiders of Galichitsa Mt by zoogeographical categories.

Cosmopolitan species complex

Cosmopolitan species complex (COS + SCO) includes only 6 (2%) species widespread in Europe. While the species Pholcus phalangioides, Parasteatoda tepidariorum, Steatoda triangulosa, and Tegenaria domestica are connected with human buildings, Prinerigone vagans can be accepted as a mountain element. The species is well represented in the woodlands and high altitude zones of the mountains. Tetragnatha nitens was reported from the Galichitsa Mt by Drensky (1929), and there is no new data on its distribution in the mountain.

Holarctic species complex

Holarctic species complex (H + P + WP + ECA) is best represented and comprises 196 (66.7%) species. The Palearctic species s. l. are dominant (125 species, 42.5%), followed by Holarctic (44 species, 15%); Europeo-Central Asiatic (18 species, 6.1%) and West Palearctic (9 species, 3.1%).

This complex includes especially widespread species associated with lowlands, woodlands and high altitude zones of mountains. Most of the species are well represented in the mountains. Characteristic mountain elements are Frontinellina frutetorum, Gongilidium rufipes, Pityohyphantes phrygianus, Tenuiphantes tenuis, Trichoncus affinis, Drassodes lapidosus, Haplodrassus signifer. Some xenotopic species are widely distributed in the mountains and reach the highest summits as aeronauts (Thaler 1986). Meioneta rurestris and Oedothorax agrestis, which inhabit the mountain zone in dense populations, also belong to this complex.

European species complex

European species complex (E + MSEE + EE + SEE) comprises 49 (16.7%) species. The European species s. l. are dominant (39 species, 13.3%), followed by Southeast European (5 species, 1.7%), Middle and Southeast European (2 species, 0.7%), and East European (3 species, 1.0%).

The complex includes widespread species, which inhabit both lowlands and mountains. Мountain elements are the species Pardosa albatula, Inermocoelotes falciger, I. karlinskii, Malthonica ferruginea, M. silvestris, Cybaeus angustiarum, Zelotes apricorum. Meta menardi and Metellina merianae, found only in caves, can also be placed into this complex.

Mediterranean species complex

Mediterranean species complex (MCA + M + SE + NM + NEM) includes 24 (8%) species. The Mediterranean species s. l. are dominant (12 species, 4%), followed by North Mediterranean (7 species, 2.4%), North-East Mediterranean and (3 species, 1%) and Mediterranean-Central Asiatic and South European (each by 1 species, 0.3%).

The main part of the established species is presented in the lower and dry parts of the mountain, occurring in the xerothermic oak forests and meadows. Characteristic for the mountain zone are: Tmarus piochardi, Heliophanus kochii, H. melinus, Macaroeris flavicomis, and Pellenes moreanus.

Endemic species complex

Endemic species complex (BP+GA) comprises 18 (6.2%) species. The group of Balkan endemic species (16 species, 5.5%) comprises mainly mountain elements, such as: Dysdera pectinata, Dysderocrates storkani, Cheiracanthium macedonicum, Zodarion ohridense, Zelotes babunaensis, Xysticus macedonicus and Pellenes moreanus. They are characteristic for forest and subalpine parts of the mountain, while Pachygnatha clerckoides inhabits the coastal vegetation of water basinsin lower parts of the mountain. Centromerus acutidentatus, Lepthyphantes centromeroides, Palliduphantes byzantinus, P. spelaeorum, P. trnovensis, Tegenaria paragamiani are found only in caves.

The local endemics: Zora prespaensis and Xysticus tenebrosus ohridensis, can be regarded also as mountain elements. They are known from single localities and need additional faunistic and taxonomic studies.

Acknowledgements

We are much obliged to our colleagues, P. Beron, S. Lazarov, B. Petrov, and D. Vidincheva for the collected material, the useful discussions. This paper was made possible also with the valuable support of S. Petkovsky and Z. Angelovsky, latter being director of Galihcitsa NP for the great support in organizing some of the expeditions. The research received also support from the SYNTHESYS Project which is financed by the European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP6 "Structuring the European Research Area" Program.

References

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